Digital HR, Employee Empowerment, Internal Mobility, Career Development on Knowledge Innovation, and Employee Engagement in Technology Firms in Indonesia
Abstract
Purpose of the study: This study aims to explore the relationships between Digital Human Resource Management, Employee Empowerment, Internal Mobility, Career Development, Knowledge Innovation, and Employee Engagement in Indonesian technology companies.
Methodology: A quantitative approach was used, collecting data from 675 employees via a structured questionnaire with a five-point Likert scale. The data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling with Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS 3.0).
Main Findings: Digital HR directly influences Employee Empowerment and Internal Mobility, which positively affect Career Development. Career Development impacts Knowledge Innovation and Employee Engagement, with Knowledge Innovation serving as a mediator between Career Development and Engagement.
Novelty/Originality of this study: This study integrates Resource-Based View (RBV) and Social Exchange Theory (SET), demonstrating how Digital HR competencies and employee reciprocity drive innovation and engagement, providing insights for HR managers in technology firms to enhance talent development and competitiveness.
References
S. Ariana, S. Helmi, M. Cahyadin, D. A. Dewi, and M. K. Alqudah, “Evolving trends in human resource management research within tourism: Insights from a bibliometric analysis,” J. Ilm. Ilmu Terap. Univ. Jambi, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 273–291, Feb. 2025, doi: 10.22437/jiituj.v9i1.35392.
P. Roy, B. Ghose, P. K. Singh, P. K. Tyagi, and A. Vasudevan, “Artificial intelligence and finance: A bibliometric review on the trends, influences, and research directions,” F1000Research, vol. 14, p. 122, Jan. 2025, doi: 10.12688/f1000research.160959.1.
M. R. A. Islami, M. Zafari, and S. Anjum, “Wearable energy harvester: Application of piezoelectric sensors in shoes as a portable power source,” Integrated Science Education Journal, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 249–257, 2025, doi: 10.37251/isej.v6i3.2117.
M. B. Kavyashree, S. Kulenur, P. Nagesh, and T. S. Nanjundeshwaraswamy, “Relationship between human resource management practices and employee engagement,” Brazilian J. Oper. Prod. Manag., vol. 20, no. 1, e20231331, 2023, doi: 10.14488/BJOPM.1331.2023.
S. Chhibber, S. R. Rajkumar, and S. Dassanayake, “Will artificial intelligence reshape the global workforce by 2030? A cross-sectoral analysis of job displacement and transformation,” Blockchain, Artif. Intell. Futur. Res., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 35–51, Feb. 2025, doi: 10.70211/bafr.v1i1.178.
S. Puastiningsih and S. Sahlan, “Transforming children’s attitudes and knowledge towards vegetable consumption through think pair share-based health education,” J. Health Innov. Environ. Educ., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 85–93, 2025, doi: 10.37251/jhiee.v2i1.2004.
P.-C. Chang, M.-J. Zhang, and T. Wu, “Developmental human resource configuration, unique human capital, and employee innovative work behavior: A multilevel moderated mediation model,” SAGE Open, vol. 11, no. 2, 2021, doi: 10.1177/21582440211027964.
R. R. Cortés, W. Thanjangreed, and T. Chertenko, “Relationship between environmental sanitation and dengue hemorrhagic fever incidents,” J. Health Innov. Environ. Educ., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 43–51, 2025, doi: 10.37251/jhiee.v2i1.1736.
C. Salsabillah, “The development benefits and risks of recreational parkour sports in the Freerun Flow It Parkour community,” Multidiscip. J. Tour. Hosp. Sport Phys. Educ., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 104–110, 2025, doi: 10.37251/jthpe.v2i1.1975.
S. Gaffney, “Career development as a retention and succession planning tool,” J. Qual. Particip., vol. 28, no. 3, p. 7, 2005. [Online]. Available: https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/career-development-as-retention-succession/docview/219119231/se-2
N. Fitria, F. Muttaqien, and V. L. Rizki, “The influence of career development and organizational culture on Gen Z employee retention,” Int. J. Glob. Accounting, Manag. Educ. Entrep., vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 159–163, 2024, doi: 10.48024/ijgame2.v5i1.182.
F. R. Putri, C. A. Osunla, and R. A. Sen, “Bridging healthcare and technology: Management systems in radiology services,” J. Health Innov. Environ. Educ., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 31–42, 2025, doi: 10.37251/jhiee.v2i1.1726.
L. R. Amirudin and A. Husain, “Exploring the impact of AI-based HR systems on Generation Z employee engagement in Indonesia,” in Proc. 4th Int. Conf. Creative Communication and Innovative Technology (ICCIT), 2025, pp. 1–7, doi: 10.1109/ICCIT65724.2025.11167707.
T. N. Trisahid, D. Kijkosol, and C. Corrales, “Optimization of biology learning on excretory system material through contextual teaching and learning approach,” J. Acad. Biol. Biol. Educ., vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 82–91, 2024, doi: 10.37251/jouabe.v1i2.1165.
S. F. Rahmad, “Development of coastal tourism objects in increasing PAD Banggai Laut Regency,” Multidiscip. J. Tour. Hosp. Sport Phys. Educ., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 111–117, 2025, doi: 10.37251/jthpe.v2i1.1969.
H. Augossy, R. Msacky, and C. Magasi, “Career development programs and employee retention: Insights from the Ministry of Works in Tanzania,” Int. J. Acad. Ind. Res., vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 98–123, Dec. 2024, doi: 10.53378/ijair.353120..
X. Li, Z. Yang, and Y. Liu, “How digital empowerment promotes rural autonomous governance? A case study of Houwei Village, Xingdian Street, Pukou District, Nanjing,” E3S Web Conf., vol. 03024, pp. 1–3, 2025, doi: 10.1051/e3sconf/202561703024.
T. Alanazi et al., “The role of perceived gamification affordance in customer engagement: An empirical study on the hospitality industry in KSA,” in Intelligence-Driven Circular Economy: Regeneration Towards Sustainability and Social Responsibility—Vol. 2, A. Hannoon and A. Mahmood, Eds. Cham, Switzerland: Springer Nature, 2025, pp. 255–269, doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-74220-0_19.
A. I. Abueid et al., “Strategies for successful digital transformation in the Jordanian banking sector: Leveraging FinTech for enhanced customer engagement,” in Artificial Intelligence, Sustainable Technologies, and Business Innovation: Opportunities and Challenges of Digital, A. Al-Sartawi and H. Ghura, Eds. Cham, Switzerland: Springer Nature, 2025, pp. 401–414, doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-77925-1_35.
A. Deaconu, S. I. Mișu, M. Triculescu, and A. Ștefănescu, “Motivating employees using e-HRM tools – A managerial challenge,” in Proc. Int. Conf. Business Excellence, vol. 19, no. 1, Sciendo, 2025, pp. 4887–4896, doi: 10.2478/picbe-2025-0324.
N. Verma, R. Talreja, and L. Mansuri, “Gender mainstreaming: Global perspectives,” Educreator Research Journal, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 225–229, 2021, doi: 10.5281/zenodo.7792536.
M. Albayrak and A. Ertürk, “Strategic empowerment in human resource management,” in Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Business and Management, Oxford, U.K.: Oxford Univ. Press, Nov. 29, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://oxfordre.com/business/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190224851.001.0001/acrefore-9780190224851-e-161.
E. Adawiah, “Digital transformation impact on human resource management practices in Indonesia: Exploring technology-based approaches,” Int. J. Recent Innov. Trends Comput. Commun., 2023. [Online]. Available: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/381795733_DIGITAL_TRANSFORMATION_IN_HUMAN_RESOURCE_MANAGEMENT_IN_INDONESIA_CHALLENGES_AND_OPPORTUNITIES
Y. Wang and P. Balakrishnan, “Reframing employee engagement in the digital era: A multilevel review of its impact on organizational effectiveness,” J. Bus. Soc. Sci., vol. 2025, no. 5, pp. 1–13, 2025, doi: 10.61453/jobss.v2025no05.
M. Thite, “Future directions in electronic/digital HRM,” in e-HRM, London, U.K.: Routledge, 2018, pp. 268–282.
J. Barney, “Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage,” J. Manage., vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 99–120, 1991, doi: 10.1177/014920639101700108.
O. Pavlova, “Inovatyvaus žmogiškųjų išteklių valdymo bei jo elektroninių priemonių naudojimo poveikis įsitraukimui į darbą, organizaciniam įsipareigojimui ir darbuotojų gerovei,” Ph.D. dissertation, Vilniaus Univ., Vilnius, Lithuania, 2024.
M. Blauth, R. Mauer, and M. Brettel, “Fostering creativity in new product development through entrepreneurial decision making,” Creat. Innov. Manag., vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 495–509, 2014, doi: 10.1111/caim.12094.
A. Aktar and F. Pangil, “HRM practices, employee engagement, organisational commitment and work-related social support,” J. Glob. Bus. Adv., vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 688–705, 2020.
R. Noe, J. Hollenbeck, B. Gerhart, and P. Wright, Human Resources Management: Gaining a Competitive Advantage, 10th Global ed. New York, NY, USA: McGraw-Hill Education, 2006.
M. H. Abdulrahman, “A resource-based view: Perspective on acquired human resource towards competitive advantage,” Int. J. Technol. Enhancements Emerg. Eng. Res., vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 53–57, 2014. [Online]. Available: http://www.ijteee.org/final-print/mar2014/A-Resource-Based-View-Perspective-On-Acquired-Human-Resource-Towards-Competitive-Advantage.pdf
J. Paauwe, “Resource-based theory,” in A Guide to Key Theories for Human Resource Management Research, Cheltenham, U.K.: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2024, ch. 27, doi: 10.4337/9781035308767.ch29.
B. E. Wright and B. S. Davis, “Job satisfaction in the public sector,” Am. Rev. Public Admin., vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 70–90, 2003, doi: 10.1177/0275074002250254.
P. M. Blau, “Justice in social exchange,” Sociol. Inq., vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 193–206, Apr. 1964, doi: 10.1111/j.1475-682X.1964.tb00583.x.
S. Yamao, “Social exchange theory,” in A Guide to Key Theories for Human Resource Management Research, Cheltenham, U.K.: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2024, pp. 274–279. [Online]. Available: https://keio.elsevierpure.com/en/publications/social-exchange-theory/
R. P. Settoon, N. Bennett, and R. C. Liden, “Social exchange in organizations: Perceived organizational support, leader–member exchange, and employee reciprocity,” J. Appl. Psychol., vol. 81, no. 3, pp. 219–227, 1996, doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.81.3.219.
A. Jayawardana and M. O’Donnell, “Social exchange, organizational support and employee performance in Sri Lanka’s garment industry,” 2010. [Online]. Available: http://dr.lib.sjp.ac.lk/handle/123456789/10559
C. Cross and T. Dundon, “Social exchange theory, employment relations and human resource management,” in Elgar Introduction to Theories of Human Resources and Employment Relations, Cheltenham, U.K.: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2019, doi: 10.4337/9781786439017.00026.
J. Zhang and Z. Chen, “Exploring human resource management digital transformation in the digital age,” J. Knowl. Econ., vol. 15, pp. 1482–1498, 2024, doi: 10.1007/s13132-023-01214-y.
S. Bhargavi and A. Yaseen, “Leadership styles and organizational performance,” Strateg. Manag. Q., vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 87–117, 2016, doi: 10.15640/smq.v4n1a5.
M. Priya and G. Jayalakshmi, “Exploring innovative practices in digital human resource management,” in Public Sector and Workforce Management in the Digital Age, IGI Global Scientific Publishing, 2025, pp. 137–156. [Online]. Available: https://www.igi-global.com/chapter/exploring-innovative-practices-in-digital-human-resource-management/366195
M. Rossi and G. Buratti, “Algorithmic transformation between heritage and design innovation,” in Heritage and Technology: Mind, Knowledge, Experience. Proceedings of the XIII International Forum Le Vie dei Mercanti, Aversa–Capri, Italy, 2015, pp. 1271–1278. [Online]. Available: https://hdl.handle.net/11311/979487
A. S. Bist, N. A. Zakaria, N. Anwar, G. Jacqueline, and L. I. W. Ming, “Future of work: How digital tools are transforming human resource management,” APTISI Trans. Manag. (iLearning J. Cent.), vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 213–220, 2024, doi: 10.33050/atm.v8i3.2355.
S. K. Oruganti, D. Karras, S. Thakur, J. K. Chaithanya, S. Metta, and A. Lathigara, Digital Transformation and Sustainability of Business. Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://www.routledge.com/Digital-Transformation-and-Sustainability-of-Business/Oruganti-Karras-Thakur-Chaithanya-Metta-Lathigara/p/book/9781032998299
A. Abudaqa and I. Noburu, “Optimizing digipreneurship in the growth of the digital millennial creative economy ecosystem,” Startupreneur Bus. Digit. (SABDA J.), vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 24–34, 2025, doi: 10.33050/sabda.v4i1.681.
N. N. Le and M. Z. Aye, “The effect of integrating green sustainable science and technology into STEM learning on students’ environmental literacy,” Integrated Science Education Journal, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 232–239, 2025, doi: 10.37251/isej.v6i3.2116.
D. A. N. Ramadhani, B. Marasinghe, and M. B. Castillo, “From risk to safety: Applying job safety analysis in organic chemistry practicals for future chemistry educators,” Journal of Chemical Learning Innovation, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 31–43, 2025, doi: 10.37251/jocli.v2i1.1716.
A. Awad, R. S. Mallek, I. Ozturk, and Y. A. Abdalla, “Infrastructure development’s role in environmental degradation in sub-Saharan Africa: Impacts and transmission channels,” J. Clean. Prod., vol. 414, p. 137622, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.137622.
J. H. Westover, “Educational attainment and employment outcomes: A mixed-methods investigation of the synergy between higher education and labor market success,” 2025, doi: 10.20944/preprints202506.1790.v1.
A. Ghalby and L. A. Malaluan, “Safety first? Exploring occupational health and safety knowledge levels of chemistry education students in laboratory settings,” Journal of Chemical Learning Innovation, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 12–22, 2025, doi: 10.37251/jocli.v2i1.15.
T. T. T. Linh, T. T. M. Huong, and N. Thammachot, “Sustainable nutrient management for NFT hydroponic lettuce: Integrating Kipahit (Tithonia diversifolia) liquid organic fertilizer with AB-Mix,” Integrated Science Education Journal, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 240–248, 2025, doi: 10.37251/isej.v6i3.2118.
C. Ma and S. Reidy, “How do we create a robust internal labor market so that employees can move freely into new roles?,” 2016. [Online]. Available: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/How-Do-We-Create-a-Robust-Internal-Labor-Market-so-Ma-Reidy/a1c0107e26605748af2b073c2b45781f529c8a27
C. Barboza, “HRM in the digital age: Consequences and performance,” Int. J. Eng. Manag. Res., vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 172–176, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/HRM-in-the-digital-age:-Consequences-and-Barboza/ec664f66ab9e0902f51cc6149bd65a877d94ebb6
M. Gagné, C. B. Senecal, and R. Koestner, “Proximal job characteristics, feelings of empowerment, and intrinsic motivation: A multidimensional model,” J. Appl. Soc. Psychol., vol. 27, no. 14, pp. 1222–1240, 1997, doi: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.1997.tb01803.x.
J. He, “From employee perceived HR practices to employee engagement: The influence of psychological empowerment and intrinsic motivation,” in Proc. Int. Conf. Management Science and Management Innovation (MSMI 2014), Atlantis Press, 2014, pp. 485–490, doi: 10.2991/msmi-14.2014.86.
N. Khotimah, G. Tleumuratov, and K. Tanasavate, “Discrimination of Chinese female characters in the latest Dimsum novel by Clara Ng,” Journal of Language, Literature, and Educational Research, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 85–91, 2025, doi: 10.37251/jolle.v2i1.1912.
K. Talreja, “Feminism and the politics of interpretation: A critical inquiry,” in Dilemma in Politics, New Delhi, India: Routledge India, 2024, pp. 100–127.
A. Shukla, S. Singh, H. Rai, and A. Bhattacharya, “Employee empowerment leading to flexible role orientation: A disposition-based contingency framework,” IIMB Manag. Rev., vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 330–342, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.iimb.2018.08.002.
N. M. E. Srinadi and I. Netra, “Pengaruh pemberdayaan, self-efficacy, dan pengembangan karier terhadap kepuasan kerja karyawan [The influence of empowerment, self-efficacy, and career development on employee job satisfaction],” E-Jurnal Manaj. Univ. Udayana, vol. 3, no. 7, pp. 1894–1910, 2014. [Online]. Available: https://www.neliti.com/publications/255262/pengaruh-pemberdayaan-self-efficacy-pengembangan-karier-terhadap-kepuasan-kerja
S. Pande and U. Dhar, “Organization conditions enabling employee empowerment and the moderating role of individual personalities,” Int. J. Bus. Manag., vol. 9, no. 10, p. 70, 2014, doi: 10.5539/ijbm.v9n10p70.
S. Fhadillah and E. Widyawati, “Exploring linguistic elements in students’ written discussion texts,” Journal of Language, Literature, and Educational Research, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 113–119, 2025, doi: 10.37251/jolle.v2i1.1959.
A. A. Kambuna, Q.-U. Jatoi, and M. Jlassi, “Language function of selected cosmetics advertisement in online media,” Journal of Language, Literature, and Educational Research, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 71–84, 2025, doi: 10.37251/jolle.v2i1.1836.
C. Otti and L. É. Törjék-Szabó, “Szervezeti mobilitás és cégen belüli karriermenedzsment,” Új Munkaügyi Szemle, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 29–41, 2025, doi: 10.58269/umsz.2025.3.3.
A. M. Abrianto, I. Amaefuna, and A. F. Onyemowo, “Biology learning innovation using booklet media,” Journal of Academic Biology and Biology Education, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 75–81, 2024, doi: 10.37251/jouabe.v1i2.1158.
A. Janand, “Développer les talents par la mobilité interne dans les grandes entreprises françaises,” Ph.D. dissertation, Univ. Paris 2 Panthéon-Assas, Paris, France, 2013. [Online]. Available: https://theses.fr/2013PA020052
J. C. McElroy, P. C. Morrow, and E. J. Mullen, “Intraorganizational mobility and work-related attitudes,” J. Organ. Behav., vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 363–374, 1996, doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1379(199607)17:4<363::AID-JOB766>3.0.CO;2-I.
L. Haojie, E. T. Taddese, W. Yingying, and N. Jiangping, “The impact of internship experience and career aspirations on the academic performance of railway electrical automation students in China,” Front. Educ., vol. 10, Oct. 2025, doi: 10.3389/feduc.2025.1652869.
Y. Suppiah, R. Thinakaran, M. Othman, M. Yussubaliyeva, and L. Koloszár, “Employment, career success and learning outcome attainment of computing graduates in Klang Valley, Malaysia,” Int. J. Learn. Teach. Educ. Res., vol. 24, no. 6, pp. 857–889, 2025, doi: 10.26803/ijlter.24.6.39.
A. Wahyuni, N. A. Nasir, and M. Nurlita, “Epistemology of digital knowledge and axiology of technological literacy in elementary education towards an innovation ecosystem and learning infrastructure,” Lit. Int. J. Soc. Sci. Humanit., vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 194–210, 2024.
Z. Jia-Jun and S. Hua-Ming, “The impact of career growth on knowledge-based employee engagement: The mediating role of affective commitment and the moderating role of perceived organizational support,” Front. Psychol., vol. 13, p. 805208, 2022, doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.805208.
M. Coetzee, “Career development and organizational support,” in Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Business and Management, Oxford, U.K.: Oxford Univ. Press, 2018, doi: 10.1093/acrefore/9780190224851.013.168.
M. Toni, A. K. Mehta, P. S. Chandel, K. M. K., and P. Selvakumar, “Mentoring and coaching in staff development,” in Innovative Approaches to Staff Development in Transnational Higher Education, IGI Global Scientific Publishing, 2025, pp. 1–26. [Online]. Available: https://www.igi-global.com/chapter/mentoring-and-coaching-in-staff-development/367977
N. Ul Ain and M. Waheed, “A novel integration of social capital, emotional attachment and organizational innovation,” Journal of Digitovation and Information System, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 96–104, 2021, doi: 10.54433/JDIIS.2021100008.
C. Deepti, S. R. Shimray, A. Kaba, and C. K. Ramaiah, “The impact of knowledge creation, acquisition, and capture on knowledge sharing: An investigation among nursing professionals,” DESIDOC J. Libr. Inf. Technol., vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 65–73, 2025, doi: 10.14429/djlit.20187.
A. Mishra, V. Sharma, and G. Anand, “Improving and enhancing the level of employee engagement in modern era,” 2022. [Online]. Available: https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/portal/resource/pt/sea-218619
Z. B. Ebrahim, I. Ismail, and E. S. Kassim, “A conceptual review of the determinants of employee innovative work behavior,” Information Management and Business Review, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 239–257, 2023, doi: 10.22610/imbr.v15i4(SI)I.3598.
K. Miyata, T. Yuizono, Y. Nagai, and S. Kunifuji, “Human capital development through innovation design education,” in Proc. SIGGRAPH Asia 2017 Symp. Education (SA ’17), New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2017, Art. no. 4, pp. 1–8, doi: 10.1145/3134368.3139219.
W. Gielen, “Bevlogenheid, innovatief werkgedrag en verbondenheid van werknemers,” Tijdschr. voor Arb., vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 62–76, 2022, doi: 10.5117/TVA2022.1.006.GIEL.
W. A. Kahn, “Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at work,” Acad. Manag. J., vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 692–724, 1990, doi: 10.5465/256287.
S. Kaur, M. Shukla, and S. Srivastava, “Deciphering the role of modern workplace trends, career agility, and work–life balance on the well-being of professional women,” 2025, pp. 29–42, doi: 10.4018/979-8-3693-9516-5.ch002.
........................ C. S. Haratua, D. R. Thilal, and W. D. Cahyani, “Analisis pengembangan sumber daya manusia (studi kasus pada perusahaan PT. Rahardja Ekalancar) [Human resource development analysis (case study at PT. Rahardja Ekalancar Company)],” SINAU J. Ilm. Pendidik. dan Pembelajaran, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 64–73, 2023, doi: 10.37606/publik.v10i3.753.
L. Judijanto, Y. Anggoro, F. F. Farawowan, A. Suroso, and D. J. Prihadi, “Revolusi digital dalam manajemen sumber daya manusia: Mengoptimalkan teknologi untuk pengembangan karyawan dan produktivitas organisasi [Digital revolution in human resource management: Optimizing technology for employee development and organizational productivity],” J. Ilm. Manajemen, Ekon. Akunt., vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 126–146, 2025, doi: 10.31955/mea.v9i3.6189.
M. Aridan, Irwandani, J. A. Villarama, and A. V. Dela Fuente, “Post-launch public interest in DeepSeek vs. ChatGPT: A comparative Google Trends analysis in Indonesia and the Philippines,” Blockchain, Artif. Intell. Futur. Res., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1–12, Feb. 2025, doi: 10.70211/bafr.v1i1.166.
Q. Li, W. Chen, S. Zhang, and H. Shi, “Achieving sustainable development by reducing income inequality: The differential impact of industrial land expansion in urban agglomerations,” Sustain. Dev., vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 2770–2783, 2023, doi: 10.1002/sd.2546.
A. F. Barišić, J. Rybacka Barišić, and I. Miloloža, “Digital transformation: Challenges for human resources management,” ENTRENOVA – ENTerprise REsearch InNOVAtion, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 357–366, 2021, doi: 10.54820/GTFN974.
U. Eswaran and V. Eswaran, “Fostering a culture of innovation and creativity through talent development programs,” in Cultivating Creativity and Navigating Talent Management in Academia, IGI Global Scientific Publishing, 2025, pp. 211–230.
A. Muzakky and P. Wulansari, “The effect of training and competency on career development: A conceptual framework,” J. Bus. Manag. Stud., vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 163–167, 2024, doi: 10.32996/jbms.2024.6.4.14.
B. Mustafa and S. Lleshi, “The impact of lifelong learning and investments in employee development on employee productivity and performance,” Multidiscip. Rev., vol. 7, no. 8, p. 2024175, 2024, doi: 10.31893/multirev.2024175.
H. Li, T. Chen, and G. Cao, “How high-commitment work systems enhance employee creativity: A mediated moderation model,” Soc. Behav. Personal.: Int. J., vol. 45, no. 9, pp. 1437–1450, 2017, doi: 10.2224/sbp.6514.
S. Riesner, C. Altnau, M. R. Berner, A. Skraba, D. Ajiri, and L. Kopac, “Employee training as a support for the professional development of the company,” J. Lifestyle SDGs Rev., vol. 5, no. 3, pp. e05401–e05401, 2025, doi: 10.47172/2965-730X.SDGsReview.v5.n03.pe05401.
A. Kamalakannan, “The integration of digital transformation with human resource management – a theoretical point of view,” Int. J. Sci. Res. Eng. Manag., vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 1–13, 2024, doi: 10.55041/ijsrem28895.
J. F. Hair, J. J. Risher, M. Sarstedt, and C. M. Ringle, “When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM,” Eur. Bus. Rev., vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 2–24, Jan. 2019, doi: 10.1108/EBR-11-2018-0203.
N. Alnaser, O. S. Shaban, and Z. Al-Zubi, “The effect of effective corporate governance structure in improving investors’ confidence in the public financial information,” Int. J. Acad. Res. Bus. Soc. Sci., vol. 4, no. 1, p. 556, 2014, doi: 10.6007/IJARBSS/v4-i1/562.
D. Qorri, E. Pergéné Szabó, J. Felföldi, and K. Kovács, “The role of human resource management in agricultural labor-saving technologies: An integrative review and science mapping,” Agriculture, vol. 14, no. 7, p. 1144, 2024, doi: 10.3390/agriculture14071144.
R. Awoitau, M. Y. Noch, and K. Khotimah, “The influence of motivation, training and compensation on employee performance,” Adv. Hum. Resour. Manag. Res., vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 153–165, 2024, doi: 10.60079/ahrmr.v2i3.376.
D. G. Collings, J. McMackin, A. J. Nyberg, and P. M. Wright, “Strategic human resource management and COVID‐19: Emerging challenges and research opportunities,” J. Manag. Stud., vol. 58, no. 5, pp. 1378–1382, 2021, doi: 10.1111/joms.12695.
R. A. Noe, J. R. Hollenbeck, B. A. Gerhart, and P. M. Wright, Human Resource Management: Gaining a Competitive Advantage, New York, NY, USA: McGraw-Hill Education, 2023.
J. Lin, “Employee empowerment under the background of network era,” Acad. J. Bus. Manag., vol. 4, no. 19, pp. 152–155, 2022, doi: 10.25236/AJBM.2022.041919.
H. M. Vu, “Employee empowerment and empowering leadership: A literature review,” 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Vu-Hieu-3/publication/344424946
D. P. Dieva and I. K. Swasti, “Competence, work discipline, and work facilities contribute to improving employee performance,” Asian J. Appl. Res. Community Dev. Empower., vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 93–98, 2024, doi: 10.29165/ajarcde.v8i3.459.
C. Ray, “Internal mobility: A review and agenda for future research,” J. Manage., vol. 50, no. 1, pp. 264–306, 2024, doi: 10.1177/01492063231180826.
L. Lazear and P. Oyer, “The structure of wages and internal mobility,” Amer. Econ. Rev., vol. 94, no. 2, pp. 212–216, 2004, doi: 10.1257/0002828041302253.
A. Benson and B. A. Rissing, “Strength from within: Internal mobility and the retention of high performers,” Organ. Sci., vol. 31, no. 6, pp. 1475–1496, 2020, doi: 10.1287/orsc.2020.1362.
S. Thamizhmanii and S. Hasan, “A review on an employee empowerment in TQM practice,” J. Achiev. Mater. Manuf. Eng., vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 204–210, 2010.
M. Bidwell, “Paying more to get less: The effects of external hiring versus internal mobility,” Adm. Sci. Q., vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 369–407, 2011, doi: 10.1177/0001839211433562.
A. H. Istiqlal, “Personal career development with appreciative inquiry to increase employee engagement,” J. Indones. Sos. Teknol., vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 354–362, 2024, doi: 10.59141/jist.v5i2.898.
K. S. McDonald and L. M. Hite, Career Development: A Human Resource Development Perspective. London, U.K.: Routledge, 2023, doi: 10.4324/9781003246381.
S. Ferdiana, Z. Khan, and S. Ray, “Investigating the impact of career development, organizational commitment, and organizational support on employee retention,” J. Manag. Stud. Dev., vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 117–128, 2023, doi: 10.56741/jmsd.v2i02.108.
N. N. A. Christy, R. A. Wibowo, and M. C. Wu, “A study on social capital of Indonesian entrepreneurs,” TEM J., vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 272–281, Feb. 2022, doi: 10.18421/TEM111-34.
J. Fagerberg, M. Fosaas, and K. Sapprasert, “Innovation: Exploring the knowledge base,” Res. Policy, vol. 41, no. 7, pp. 1132–1153, 2012, doi: 10.1016/j.respol.2012.03.008.
J. Yin, Y. Li, Z. Ma, Z. Chen, and G. Guo, “Impact of entrepreneurship on technological innovation in the digital age: A knowledge management perspective,” J. Knowl. Manag., vol. 28, no. 9, pp. 2750–2772, 2024, doi: 10.1108/JKM-07-2023-0602.
M. Škare, M. de las Mercedes de Obesso, and S. Ribeiro-Navarrete, “Digital transformation and European small and medium enterprises (SMEs): A comparative study using digital economy and society index data,” Int. J. Inf. Manage., vol. 68, p. 102594, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2022.102594.
C. Salliyuana and M. R. Hidayat, “Employee engagement, workload, and job satisfaction on employee performance,” J. Alwatzikhoebillah Kaji. Islam. Pendidikan, Ekon. Hum., vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 159–172, 2024, doi: 10.37567/alwatzikhoebillah.v10i1.2487.
K. Hassan, “Leveling up employee engagement: Uncovering the new pillars of an employee retention blueprint,” Strategic HR Rev., vol. 22, no. 6, pp. 195–200, 2023, doi: 10.1108/SHR-08-2023-0048.
X. Zhang and K. M. Bartol, “Linking empowering leadership and employee creativity: The influence of psychological empowerment, intrinsic motivation, and creative process engagement,” Acad. Manag. J., vol. 53, no. 1, pp. 107–128, 2010, doi: 10.5465/amj.2010.48037118.
Z. Ali, M. Bashir, and A. Mehreen, “Managing organizational effectiveness through talent management and career development: The mediating role of employee engagement,” J. Manag. Sci., vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 62–78, 2019, doi: 10.20547/jms.2014.1906105.
J. F. Hair Jr., G. T. M. Hult, C. M. Ringle, M. Sarstedt, N. P. Danks, and S. Ray, Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) Using R. Cham, Switzerland: Springer Nature, 2021, doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-80519-7.
R. B. Kline, Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling. New York, NY, USA: Guilford Press, 2023.
A. Cahyadi, T. Marwa, I. Hágen, M. N. Siraj, P. Santati, J. Poór, and K. Szabó, “Leadership styles, high-involvement human resource management practices, and individual employee performance in small and medium enterprises in the digital era,” Economies, vol. 10, no. 7, p. 162, 2022, doi: 10.3390/economies10070162.
E. Dolan, S. Kosasi, and S. N. Sari, “Implementation of competence-based human resources management in the digital era,” Startupreneur Bus. Digit. (SABDA J.), vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 167–175, 2022, doi: 10.34306/sabda.v1i2.133.
G. Rana and R. Sharma, “Emerging human resource management practices in Industry 4.0,” Strategic HR Rev., vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 176–181, 2019, doi: 10.1108/SHR-01-2019-0003.
M. T. Ahmed, “E-HRM practices and its impact on organizational performance: A study on the manufacturing industry in Bangladesh,” Eur. J. Bus. Manag., vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 50–60, 2019, doi: 10.7176/EJBM.
K. Stachová, Z. Stacho, P. Šamalík, and F. Sekan, “The impact of e-HRM tools on employee engagement,” Administrative Sciences, vol. 14, no. 11, p. 303, 2024, doi: 10.3390/admsci14110303.
K. I. Lagerev, “The development of human resources as the main tool for the formation of professional competencies,” Sci. Notes Russ. Acad. Entrep., vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 70–74, 2023, doi: 10.24182/2073-6258-2023-22-1-70-74.
M. Matsuo, “Influences of developmental job experience and learning goal orientation on employee creativity: Mediating role of psychological empowerment,” Hum. Resour. Dev. Int., vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 4–18, 2022, doi: 10.1080/13678868.2020.1824449.
M. Ramadhan and H. Boemiya, “Customary criminal sanctions as pathways to environmental justice in indigenous communities,” Lit. Int. J. Soc. Sci. Humanit., vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 230–249, Dec. 2024, doi: 10.52005/literate.v3i2.50.
T. A. Wright, R. Cropanzano, and D. G. Bonett, “The moderating role of employee positive well-being on the relation between job satisfaction and job performance,” J. Occup. Health Psychol., vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 93–104, 2007, doi: 10.1037/1076-8998.12.2.93.
I. Nonaka, H. Takeuchi, and K. Umemoto, “A theory of organizational knowledge creation,” Int. J. Technol. Manag., vol. 11, no. 7–8, pp. 833–845, 1996, doi: 10.1504/IJTM.1996.025472.
B. Pramudita, J. Suyono, and D. R. Elisabeth, “The influence of career development, job satisfaction, and organizational culture on employee loyalty,” J. Ekon., vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 81–92, 2022.
R. Muslim and E. D. Ariyanto, “Digital literacy as a catalyst for future workforce: Enhancing vocational high school graduates’ employability in the evolving digital economy,” Lit. Int. J. Soc. Sci. Humanit., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 44–57, Jan. 2025, doi: 10.52005/literate.v3i1.29.
G. K. Özbağ, M. Esen, and D. Esen, “The impact of HRM capabilities on innovation mediated by knowledge management capability,” Procedia–Soc. Behav. Sci., vol. 99, pp. 784–793, 2013.
E. Erlina, K. Koderi, and M. Sufian, “Designing a gender-responsive qira’ah learning module: Bridging equality and inclusivity in Islamic higher education,” J. Ilm. Islam Futur., vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 239–262, Feb. 2025, doi: 10.22373/jiif.v25i1.29305.
Copyright (c) 2025 Hesri Mintawati, Agung Maulana, Intan Deanida Pratiwi, Rakotoarisoa Maminiaina Heritiana Sedera, Goh Khang Wen, Muhammad Aridan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and acknowledge that the Journal of Educational Technology and Learning Creativity is the first publisher licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges and earlier and greater citation of published work.
.png)
.png)
.png)
.png)
