Techno-economic Analysis of Investment and Operation of Photovoltaic Panels under a Load Sharing Scheme
Abstract
Purpose of the study: This study aims to evaluate the techno-economic feasibility of the operational period of a 40 kWp on-grid Photovoltaic Panel with a load sharing scheme at Ella Skincare, focusing on technical analysis, investment and operational costs, and the potential for electricity cost savings.
Methodology: This study used a quantitative method by analyzing energy consumption data and electricity bills over 6 months before and 6 months after installing the Photovoltaic Panel. The system used 60 Vertex TSM-DE21 panels and a Solis S5-GC50K inverter. The data were processed to calculate the Net Present Value (NPV), Return on Investment (ROI), Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE), and Payback Period (PP).
Main Findings: The research results showed a 33.9% reduction in PLN electricity power consumption and more than 30% savings in electricity costs each month after the installation of the Photovoltaic Panel. Although the NPV had not yet exceeded the initial investment, the ROI reached 13.64% in the first year, indicating significant financial potential in the long term.
Novelty/Originality of this Research: This study provides empirical evidence on the effectiveness of the load sharing scheme in improving efficiency and reducing operational electricity costs in the commercial sector. This study offers new insights into the investment feasibility of Photovoltaic Panels in Indonesia, particularly in the context of utilizing renewable energy to reduce dependence on conventional energy sources.
References
H. Hariyadi, “Agenda penggolongan pelanggan listrik rumah tangga [Household electricity customer classification agenda],” Info Singk., vol. IX, no. 23, pp. 13–16, 2017.
Kementrian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral (ESDM), “Rencana usaha penyediaan tenaga listrik PT perusahaan listrik negara (Persero) [The business plan for providing electricity for the state electricity company PT Perusahaan Listrik Negara (Persero)],” 2025.
S. D. A. Febriani and C. T. Rani, “Kajian tekno ekonomi sistem on-grid pada smart greenhouse [Techno-economic study of on-grid systems in smart greenhouses],” J. Tek. Terap., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 1–9, 2024, doi: 10.25047/jteta.v3i1.33.
PLN, “Rencana usaha penyediaan tenaga listrik (RUPTL) PT PLN (Persero) 2021-2030 [Electricity supply business plan (RUPTL) of PT PLN (Persero) 2021-2030],” Rencana Usaha Penyediaan Tenaga List. 2021-2030, pp. 2019–2028, 2021.
A. Setyawan, A. Gulton, and G. Simamora, “Analisa pembangkit listrik tenaga surya on grid pada gedung mal QBIG BSD City [Analysis of on grid solar power generation in the QBIG BSD City mall building],” J. Cahaya Mandalika, pp. 2393–2405.
B. Winardi, A. Nugroho, and E. Dolphina, “Perencanaan dan analisis ekonomi pembangkit listrik tenaga surya (PLTS) terpusat untuk desa mandiri [Planning and economic analysis of centralized solar power plants (PLTS) for independent villages],” J. Tekno, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 1–11, 2019, doi: 10.33557/jtekno.v16i1.603.
M. W. Hidayat, “Analisis tekno ekonomi pemasangan PLTS Rooftop On Grid 120 Kw (Studi Kasus PLTS di PT Santinilestari Energi Indonesia) [Techno-economic analysis of the installation of 120 Kw Rooftop On Grid PLTS (Case Study of PLTS at PT Santinilestari Energi Indonesia)],” J. Tek. Terap., vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 24–33, 2024, doi: 10.25047/jteta.v2i2.31.
A. F. Aditya and A. Ulinuha, “Analysis of photovoltaic panel performance integrated with the grid in a load-sharing scheme,” ELKHA J. Tek. Elektro, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 53–60, 2025.
A. R. Jamil, “Rancang bangun pembangkit listrik tenaga surya on grid berbasis IoT ThingSpeak [Design and construction of on-grid solar power plants based on IoT ThingSpeak],” Tugas Akhir, Jur. Tek. Elektro, Politek. Negeri Jakarta, 2021.
P. P. A. Santoso, F. Nopriyandy, I. F. B. Ningsih, L. D. Anjiu, and I. Kurniawan, “Pengaruh bentuk rangkaian panel surya terhadap kuat arus, tegangan dan daya [The effect of the shape of the solar panel circuit on current, voltage and power],” J. Engine Energi, Manufaktur, dan Mater., vol. 6, no. 1, p. 26, 2022, doi: 10.30588/jeemm.v6i1.996.
S. A. Santoso and A. Ulinuha, “Harmonic distortion analysis of on-grid photovoltaic panel integration in load sharing scheme,” ELKHA J. Tek. Elektro, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 77–83, 2025.
L. Mohammad, A. Istiqomah, A. R. H. Tahier, D. N. I. Syamputra, and L. Y. Roodhiyah, “Evaluasi hasil kinerja tekno-ekonomi pembangkit listrik tenaga surya (plts) pada bangunan perguruan tinggi di Indonesia [Evaluation of the techno-economic performance results of solar power plants (PLTS) in university buildings in Indonesia],” Briliant J. Ris. dan Konseptual, vol. 8, no. 2, p. 496, 2023, doi: 10.28926/briliant.v8i2.1360.
T. R. Astutiningsih, “Analisis kelayakan bisnis pada investasi pembangkit listrik tenaga air (PLTA) Meureubo 48 MW di Aceh [Business feasibility analysis on investment in the Meureubo 48 MW hydroelectric power plant (PLTA) in Aceh],” Tesis, pp. 1–220, 2018.
M. Abbas and N. K. Merzouk, “Techno economic study of solar thermal power plants for centralized electricity generation in Algeria,” 2nd Int. Symp. Environ. Friendly Energies Appl. EFEA 2012, no. June 2012, pp. 179–183, 2012, doi: 10.1109/EFEA.2012.6294067.
W. Shen et al., “A comprehensive review of variable renewable energy levelized cost of electricity,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 133, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2020.110301.
B. Belmahdi and A. El Bouardi, “Solar potential assessment using PVsyst software in the northern zone of Morocco,” Procedia Manuf., vol. 46, no. 2019, pp. 738–745, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.promfg.2020.03.104.
I. wayan S. Putra, I. N. S. Kumara, and R. S. Hartati, “Analisis tekno ekonomi implementasi sistem PLTS atap pada gedung kantor walikota Denpasar [Techno-economic analysis of the implementation of the rooftop solar power system at the Denpasar mayor's office building],” Maj. Ilm. Teknol. Elektro, vol. 21, no. 2, p. 185, 2022, doi: 10.24843/mite.2022.v21i02.p05.
S. Algarni, V. Tirth, T. Alqahtani, S. Alshehery, and P. Kshirsagar, “Contribution of renewable energy sources to the environmental impacts and economic benefits for sustainable development,” Sustainable energy technologies and assessments, vol. 56, pp. 103098, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.seta.2023.103098.
C. D. Iweh, S. Gyamfi, E. Tanyi, and E. Effah-Donyina, “Distributed generation and renewable energy integration into the grid: Prerequisites, push factors, practical options, issues and merits,” Energies, vol. 14, no. 17, pp. 5375, 2021, doi: 10.3390/en14175375.
P. J. Heptonstall, and R. J. Gross, “A systematic review of the costs and impacts of integrating variable renewables into power grids,” nature energy, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 72-83, 2021, doi: 10.1038/s41560-020-00695-4.
A. El Hammoumi, S. Chtita, S. Motahhir, and A. El Ghzizal, “Solar PV energy: From material to use, and the most commonly used techniques to maximize the power output of PV systems: A focus on solar trackers and floating solar panels,” Energy Reports, vol. 8, pp. 11992-12010, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.egyr.2022.09.054.
W. Strielkowski, L. Civín, E. Tarkhanova, M. Tvaronavičienė, and Y. Petrenko, “Renewable energy in the sustainable development of electrical power sector: A review,” Energies, vol. 14, no. 24, pp. 8240, 2021, doi: 10.3390/en14248240.
A. Javaid, M. Sajid, E. Uddin, A. Waqas, and Y. Ayaz, “Sustainable urban energy solutions: Forecasting energy production for hybrid solar-wind systems,” Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 302, pp. 118120, 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2024.118120.
L. Deguenon, D. Yamegueu, and A. Gomna, “Overcoming the challenges of integrating variable renewable energy to the grid: A comprehensive review of electrochemical battery storage systems,” Journal of Power Sources, vol. 580, pp. 233343, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2023.233343.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sandy Yudhatama, Agus Ulinuha
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and acknowledge that the Integrated Science Education Journal is the first publisher licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges and earlier and greater citation of published work.
