Reassessing Moral Education: A Critical Evaluation of Gendang Bugis as Pedagogical Practice in the Digital Era
Abstract
Purpose of the study: In the context of the digital era, the transmission of moral values faces increasing challenges due to the dominance of globalized, visual, and fast-paced content. This study aims to explore how Gendang Bugis a traditional Bugis musical performance, functions as a medium of moral pedagogy when represented and recontextualized on digital platforms
Methodology: This research adopts an exploratory qualitative approach, employing digital ethnographic techniques. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observations, and content analysis of Gendang Bugis representations on social media platforms including YouTube, Instagram, and TikTok. Survey instruments: semi-structured interview guide and observation checklist.
Main Findings: The main results indicate that digital performances of Gendang Bugis effectively transmit core moral values such as discipline, respect, solidarity, and cooperation. Senior performers act as moral role models, while youth audiences engage through affective and interactive virtual platforms. This online interaction fosters deeper value internalization. Moreover, digital platforms broaden access, promote intergenerational moral dialogue, and reinforce the pedagogical strength of traditional arts, even amid concerns over cultural authenticity and shifting modes of transmission in modern contexts
Novelty/Originality of this study: This study presents a novel evaluative framework that integrates traditional performance pedagogy with digital ethnography. The results highlight the active role of digitalized traditional arts in moral education. It emphasizes the urgency of developing culturally grounded, digitally adaptive educational content and encourages the integration of traditional arts into both formal and informal education systems in a relevant and contextual manner.
References
S. Coteli, “The impact of new media on the forms of culture: Digital identity and digital culture,” Online J Commun Media Technol, vol. 9, no. 2, May 2019, doi: 10.29333/ojcmt/5765.
M. I. F. Rahayu, A. F. Susanto, and A. Sudiro, “The meaning of the principle of local wisdom in management and protection law environment Indonesia,” Journal of Lifestyle and SDGs Review, vol. 5, no. 2, p. e02958, Nov. 2024, doi: 10.47172/2965-730X.SDGsReview.v5.n02.pe02958.
A. M. Nortvig, “Digital expansions of physical learning spaces in practice-based subjects - blended learning in Art and Craft & Design in teacher education,” Comput Educ, vol. 159, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2020.104020.
R. Rachmat, T. Sumaryanto, and Sunarto, “Klasifikasi instrumen gendang bugis (gendrang) dalam konteks masyarakat Kabupaten Soppeng Sulawesi Selatan [Classification of Bugis drum instruments (gendrang) in the context of the Soppeng Regency community, South Sulawesi],” Jurnal Pakarena, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 82–92, 2019, [Online]. Available: https://ojs.unm.ac.id/pakarena/article/view/13064/8395
S. Cevik, “Long live globalization: geopolitical shocks and international trade,” International Economics and Economic Policy, vol. 22, no. 2, p. 32, May 2025, doi: 10.1007/s10368-025-00660-0.
A. Hidajad, I. Zulaeha, N. Sahid, and A. Cahyono, “The civilization of sandur watch’s transcendence in the age of globalization,” Harmonia: Journal of Arts Research and Education, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 174–186, Jun. 2022, doi: 10.15294/harmonia.v22i1.34803.
P. Sidorenko Bautista, N. Alonso López, and F. Giacomelli, “Fact-checking in TikTok: Communication and narrative forms to combat misinformation,” Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, no. 79, pp. 87–113, Nov. 2021, doi: 10.4185/RLCS-2021-1522.
R. Rachmat, “Bentuk penyajian pertunjukan gendrang bugis dan nilai-nilai pendidikan pada acara pattaungeng di assorong’e kelurahan ompo kecamatan lalabata kabupaten soppeng [Presentation form of Bugis drum performance and educational values at the Pattaungeng event in Assorong'e, Ompo sub-district, Lalabata district, Soppeng regency],” in Caradde (Conference of Arts, Arts Education and Design), Makassar: Badan Penrbit UNM, pp. 64–72, 2020.
H. Ristiana, A. Mahmud, T. Suminar, and Wasino, “Building morality: The role of character education, learning environment, and motivation,” Perspectives of science and Education, vol. 73, no. 1, pp. 566–582, Mar. 2025, doi: 10.32744/pse.2025.1.36.
M. Caeiro-Rodríguez, V. Murillo-Ligorred, A. R. Carrasco, and N. Ramos-Vallecillo, “Networked arts education ecosystem: A review of the background, possibilities and perspectives in the digital era,” Revista Complutense de Educacion, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 679–690, 2022, doi: 10.5209/rced.76499.
S. Aaron, “Sonic Pi–performance in education, technology and art,” Int J Perform Arts Digit Media, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 171–178, 2016, doi: 10.1080/14794713.2016.1227593.
M. P. Manovski, Arts-based Research, Autoethnography, and Music Education. Rotterdam/Boston/Taipei: Sense Publishers, 2014.
H. J. Roberts, “Education research: Changing medical student perceptions of dementia: An arts-centered experience,” Neurology, vol. 85, no. 8, pp. 739–741, 2015, doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000001867.
J. W. Creswell and J. David Creswell, Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches.
T. Grigoryan, “Short essay: Current issues in digital ethnography: is all ethnography digital?,” Journal of Organizational Ethnography, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 19–28, Jun. 2024, doi: 10.1108/JOE-02-2024-0008.
R. S. Pozo Enciso, O. Arbieto Mamani, and M. G. Mendoza Vargas, “Moral judgement among university students in Ica: A view from the perspective of Lawrence Kohlberg,” F1000Res, vol. 11, p. 1428, May 2023, doi: 10.12688/f1000research.125433.2.
E. Zvereva, “Digital ethics in higher education: Modernizing moral values for effective communication in cyberspace,” Online J Commun Media Technol, vol. 13, no. 2, p. e202319, Apr. 2023, doi: 10.30935/ojcmt/13033.
V. Botes and R. van Niekerk, “The sociocultural influences in Lawrence Kohlberg’s life: a psychobiography,” International Review of Psychiatry, vol. 36, no. 1–2, pp. 143–152, Feb. 2024, doi: 10.1080/09540261.2023.2254381.
Y. C. Pamungkas, A. Moh. Moefad, and R. Purnomo, “Konstruksi realitas sosial di Indonesia dalam peran media dan identitas budaya di era globalisasi [The construction of social reality in Indonesia in the role of media and cultural identity in the era of globalization],” Metta : Jurnal Ilmu Multidisiplin, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 28–36, Dec. 2024, doi: 10.37329/metta.v4i4.3737.
M. Mainuddin, T. Tobroni, and Moh. Nurhakim, “Pemikiran pendidikan karakter Al-Ghazali, Lawrence Kolberg dan Thomas Lickona [The character education thoughts of Al-Ghazali, Lawrence Kolberg and Thomas Lickona],” Attadrib: Jurnal Pendidikan Guru Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 283–290, Aug. 2023, doi: 10.54069/attadrib.v6i2.563.
R. Lege and E. Bonner, “Virtual reality in education: The promise, progress, and challenge,” The JALT CALL Journal, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 167–180, Dec. 2020, doi: 10.29140/jaltcall.v16n3.388.
S. Elwazani, “Purposing aesthetics in historic preservation: advocating, signifying, and interpreting aesthetics,” Virtual Archaeology Review, vol. 12, no. 24, p. 66, Jan. 2021, doi: 10.4995/var.2021.13812.
E. Brady and J. Prior, “Environmental aesthetics: A synthetic review,” People and Nature, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 254–266, Jun. 2020, doi: 10.1002/pan3.10089.
J. Eichler, “Intangible cultural heritage, inequalities and participation: who decides on heritage?,” The International Journal of Human Rights, vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 793–814, May 2021, doi: 10.1080/13642987.2020.1822821.
N. Hafizah, “Media Pembelajaran Digital Generasi Alpha Era Society 5.0 Pada Kurikulum Merdeka,” Al-Madrasah: Jurnal Pendidikan Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, vol. 7, no. 4, p. 1675, Oct. 2023, doi: 10.35931/am.v7i4.2699.
P. Lindner et al., “Virtual Reality exposure therapy for public speaking anxiety in routine care: a single-subject effectiveness trial,” Cogn Behav Ther, vol. 50, no. 1, pp. 67–87, Jan. 2021, doi: 10.1080/16506073.2020.1795240.
B. Vigo-Arrazola and C. Moreno-Pinillos, “Creative and inclusive teaching practices in multigrade schools. An ethnographic study on the use of digital media,” Int J Educ Res, vol. 131, p. 102596, 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.ijer.2025.102596.
M. Moody-Adams, “Revisiting Kohlberg’s account of moral maturity and moral development: The 2024 Kohlberg Memorial Lecture,” J Moral Educ, vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 133–147, Apr. 2025, doi: 10.1080/03057240.2025.2479750.
M. Martí-Vilar, J. M. Escrig-Espuig, and C. Merino-Soto, “A systematic review of moral reasoning measures,” Current Psychology, vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 1284–1298, Jan. 2023, doi: 10.1007/s12144-021-01519-8.
C. B. Merica, “Strategies for building morality in the physical education classroom,” J Phys Educ Recreat Dance, vol. 94, no. 9, pp. 7–12, Nov. 2023, doi: 10.1080/07303084.2023.2252868.
P. Oldham and S. McLoughlin, “Character education empirical research: A thematic review and comparative content analysis,” J Moral Educ, pp. 1–29, Mar. 2025, doi: 10.1080/03057240.2025.2480185.
E. Purwaningsih, “The role of traditional cultural values in character education,” Pakistan Journal of Life and Social Sciences (PJLSS), vol. 22, no. 2, 2024, doi: 10.57239/PJLSS-2024-22.2.00396.
M. Z. Mohd Yusoff, A. Hamzah, I. Fajri, T. Za, and S. M. Yusuf, “The effect of spiritual and social norm in moral judgement,” Int J Adolesc Youth, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 555–568, Dec. 2022, doi: 10.1080/02673843.2022.2156799.
V. Fernández Espinosa and J. López González, “Virtues and values education in schools: A study in an international sample,” Journal of Beliefs & Values, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 69–85, Jan. 2024, doi: 10.1080/13617672.2022.2158018.
J. Chen, Y. Liu, J. Dai, and C. Wang, “Development and status of moral education research: Visual analysis based on knowledge graph,” Front Psychol, vol. 13, Jan. 2023, doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1079955.
J. Jud, Y. Karlen, and C. N. Hirt, “Linking teachers’ and students’ motivation for self-regulated learning: is there a signal and how is it transmitted?,” Metacogn Learn, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 939–965, Dec. 2024, doi: 10.1007/s11409-024-09393-y.
C. L. Miltgen and D. Peyrat-Guillard, “Cultural and generational influences on privacy concerns: A qualitative study in seven European countries,” European Journal of Information Systems, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 103–125, Mar. 2019, doi: 10.1057/ejis.2013.17.
R. Connolly, “Public Computing Intellectuals in the Age of AI Crisis,” ACM Transactions on Computing Education, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 1–26, Dec. 2024, doi: 10.1145/3703162.
M. J. Hayden, “Moral agonism: Acknowledging the moral in global citizenship education,” Prospects (Paris), vol. 53, no. 3–4, pp. 219–232, Nov. 2023, doi: 10.1007/s11125-022-09603-y.
L. Gulliford, E. Brooks, and O. Coates, “The Pedagogical Potential of Exemplar Narratives in Moral Development and Moral Education,” in Educational Theory, Oct. 2023, pp. 692–709. doi: 10.1111/edth.12599.
H. García-Mieres, L. Parra, L. M. Paz-Vázquez, E. Castaño, and I. Pedrosa, “Bridging generations: the power of digitization and social innovation in preserving rural cultural heritage,” Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research, pp. 1–14, Nov. 2024, doi: 10.1080/13511610.2024.2424773.
S. Qin, M. Zhang, H. Hu, and G. Li, “A joint-training topic model for social media texts,” Humanit Soc Sci Commun, vol. 12, no. 1, p. 281, Mar. 2025, doi: 10.1057/s41599-025-04551-2.
S. Daswani, E. Gorecki, and L. Mellon, “‘You’re not taught to think about the words you use and then it just perpetuates’— a qualitative examination of medical students’ perspectives of stigmatising language in healthcare,” BMC Med Educ, vol. 25, no. 1, p. 124, Jan. 2025, doi: 10.1186/s12909-025-06690-1.
J. P. Cornelissen, O. Akemu, J. G. F. Jonkman, and M. D. Werner, “Building Character: The Formation of a Hybrid Organizational Identity in a Social Enterprise,” Journal of Management Studies, vol. 58, no. 5, pp. 1294–1330, Jul. 2021, doi: 10.1111/joms.12640.
A. Hermino and I. Arifin, “Contextual Character Education for Students in the Senior High School,” European Journal of Educational Research, vol. volume-9-2020, no. volume-9-issue-3-july-2020, pp. 1009–1023, Jul. 2020, doi: 10.12973/eu-jer.9.3.1009.
Y. Engeström and A. Sannino, “From mediated actions to heterogenous coalitions: four generations of activity-theoretical studies of work and learning,” Mind Cult Act, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 4–23, Jan. 2021, doi: 10.1080/10749039.2020.1806328.
L. Della Spina, “Cultural Heritage: A Hybrid Framework for Ranking Adaptive Reuse Strategies,” Buildings, vol. 11, no. 3, p. 132, Mar. 2021, doi: 10.3390/buildings11030132.
E. Del Soldato and S. Massari, “Creativity and digital strategies to support food cultural heritage in Mediterranean rural areas,” EuroMed Journal of Business, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 113–137, Mar. 2024, doi: 10.1108/EMJB-05-2023-0152.
N. B. Kirillova, “Impact of digital culture on shaping young people’s creative activity,” Perspectives of Science and Education, vol. 62, no. 2, pp. 10–22, May 2023, doi: 10.32744/pse.2023.2.1.
Y. Hou, S. Kenderdine, D. Picca, M. Egloff, and A. Adamou, “Digitizing intangible cultural heritage embodied: State of the Art,” Journal on Computing and Cultural Heritage, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 1–20, Sep. 2022, doi: 10.1145/3494837.
M. Haenlein, E. Anadol, T. Farnsworth, H. Hugo, J. Hunichen, and D. Welte, “Navigating the new era of influencer marketing: How to be successful on Instagram, TikTok, & Co.,” Calif Manage Rev, vol. 63, no. 1, pp. 5–25, Nov. 2020, doi: 10.1177/0008125620958166.
X. Zabulis et al., “Representation and preservation of heritage crafts,” Sustainability, vol. 12, no. 4, p. 1461, Feb. 2020, doi: 10.3390/su12041461.
M. Shonfeld et al., “Learning in digital environments: A model for cross-cultural alignment,” Educational Technology Research and Development, vol. 69, no. 4, pp. 2151–2170, Aug. 2021, doi: 10.1007/s11423-021-09967-6.
J. T. Caldwell, “21st century televisuality? Golden ages and collateral damage in industry stress research,” Media Commun, vol. 13, Feb. 2025, doi: 10.17645/mac.9435.
D. Kolyperas, C. Anagnostopoulos, I. Pavlopoulou, A. E. Manoli, and S. Chadwick, “Corporate social and digital responsibility in esports,” Internet Research, Nov. 2024, doi: 10.1108/INTR-01-2024-0134.
S. Gaenssle and O. Budzinski, “Stars in social media: New light through old windows?,” J Media Bus Stud, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 79–105, Apr. 2021, doi: 10.1080/16522354.2020.1738694.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rachmat Rachmat, Sunarto Sunarto, Agus Cahyono
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and acknowledge that the Integrated Science Education Journal is the first publisher licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges and earlier and greater citation of published work.
.png)
.png)
