Flipbook-Based Digital Comics: Learning Outcomes and Attitudes of Elementary School Students
Abstract
Purpose of the study: This study aims to develop, assess the feasibility, and evaluate the effectiveness of the Flipbook-Based Digital Comics to Improve Learning Outcomes and Attitudes of Grade IV Students.
Methodology: The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) method using the Borg & Gall development model up to the eighth stage. The subjects of this study were 28 Grade IV students at Elementary School Tambangan 01 Semarang. Data analysis techniques included media feasibility assessments, teacher and student response analyses, normality testing, t-tests, and N-Gain evaluation.
Main Findings: Based on the results obtained, flipbook-based digital comic media can be used in learning activities. Flipbook-based digital comic learning media is effectively used in learning grade IV material on attitudes and behavior that reflect the practice of Pancasila in social life. The results of the validation assessment of media experts and material experts obtained a percentage of 83.33% and 100% which means it has a very feasible classification level. The student pretest score was 55% and the posttest score was 86.13%. The percentage of student learning outcomes classically increased by 31.13%.
Novelty/Originality of this study: The novelty of this research lies in the media Flipbook-Based Digital Comics to Improve Learning Outcomes and Attitudes. In addition, the learning model has been adjusted to students’ abilities and uses HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skills) based evaluation questions.
References
A. Rahman, S. A. Munandar, A. Fitriani, Y. Karlina, and Y. Yumriani, “Pengertian pendidikan, ilmu pendidikan dan unsur-unsur Pendidikan [Definition of education, educational science and elements of education],” Al Urwatul Wutsqa: Kajian Pendidikan Islam, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 1–8, 2022.
D. Pristiwanti, B. Badariah, S. Hidayat, and R. S. Dewi, “Pengertian Pendidikan [Definition of education],” Jurnal Bioedukasi, vol. 4, no. 6, pp. 7911–7915, 2022, doi: 10.33387/bioedu.v6i2.7305.
2003, U.-U. R. I. N. 20 T. (2003). Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia No. 20 Tahun 2003. 4(1), 147–173.
S. A. Sukma, and N. Setyasto, “Development of E-comic learning media assisted by video in science learning on human blood circulation material,” Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 2322–2330, 2024, doi: 10.29303/jppipa.v10i5.7023.
Permendikbud. (2022). SK-BSKAP No. 033 Tahun 2022. 32.
H. Ma, and J. Li, “An innovative method for digital media education based on mobile internet technology,” International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning, vol. 16, no. 13, pp. 68–81, 2023, doi: 10.3991/ijet.v16i13.24037.
S. A. Ishak, U. A. Hasran, and R. Din, “Media education through digital games: A review on design and factors influencing learning performance,” Education Sciences, vol. 13, no. 2, 2023, doi: 10.3390/educsci13020102.
S. A. Lähdesmäki, and M. Maunula, “Student teachers’ views on media education related to new literacy skills,” International Journal of Technology in Education and Science, vol. 6, no. (3), pp. 427–442, doi: 10.46328/ijtes.374.
B. B. Al-Kansa, M. L. Iswanda, N. Kamilah, and Y. T. Herlambang, “Pengaruh kemajuan teknologi terhadap pola hidup manusia [The influence of technological progress on human lifestyle patterns],” Indo-MathEdu Intellectuals Journal, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 2966–2975, doi: 10.54373/imeij.v4i3.682.
L. A. M. Laely, D. Prasetyowati, and C. Huda, “Penerapan media pembelajaran komik digital webtoon pendekatan tpack untuk meningkatkan aspek kognitif di kelas v tema peristiwa dalam kehidupan [Application of digital comic learning media webtoon tpack approach to improve cognitive aspects in class V on the theme of events in life],” Didaktik : Jurnal Ilmiah PGSD STKIP Subang, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 1583–1593, 2023, doi: 10.36989/didaktik.v9i04.1747.
T. Triyanto and N. Fadhilah, “Penguatan nilai-nilai Pancasila di sekolah dasar [Strengthening Pancasila values in elementary schools]”, j.civics, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 161–169, 2018, doi: 10.21831/jc.v15i2.20709.
A. Zukri, S. D. Yulianto, N. Makrifah, S. Sukatin, and A. Astuti, “Penerapan nilai-nilai pancasila dalam pendidikan [Application of Pancasila values in education],” Humantech: Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin Indonesia, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 578-584, 2023, doi: 10.24269/jpk.v5.n1.2020.
W. Wardana, and A. Djamaluddin, Belajar dan Pembelajaran Teori, Desain, Model Pembelajaran dan Prestasi Belajar [Learning and Teaching Theory, Design, Learning Models and Learning Achievement]. CV. Kaafah Learning Center: Jakarta.
L. Marinda, “Teori perkembangan kognitif jean piaget dan problematikanya pada anak usia sekolah dasar [Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development and its problems in elementary school-aged children],” An-Nisa’ : Jurnal Kajian Perempuan Dan Keislaman, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 116–152, 2020, doi: 10.35719/annisa.v13i1.26.
M. Hasan, M. Milawati, D. Darodjat, T. K. Khairani, and T. Tahrim, T. Media Pembelajaran [Instructional Media]. In Tahta Media Group, 2021.
E. Yuliani, and D. Setiawan, “Development of flipbook-based digital comics to improve learning outcomes on simple comic material. Research and Development in Education (RaDEn), vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 219–236, 2024, doi: 10.22219/raden.v4i1.32280.
Y. D. Pangesti, and A. E. Andriani, “Development of a comic system for human digestive education to improve critical thinking abilities,” Jurnal Pijar Mipa, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 578–585, 2024, doi: 10.29303/jpm.v19i4.7156.
A. K. C. Masdar, L. Nadira, Y. Murnika, and W. Wisamanto, “Pemilihan media pembelajaran yang tepat untuk meningkatkan hasil [Selecting the right learning media to improve results],” Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 76–85, 2024.
A. Arrosih, M. Marianti, and R. Rasidi, “Pengaruh sikap belajar terhadap hasil belajar matematika di sekolah dasar [The influence of learning attitudes on mathematics learning outcomes in elementary schools],” Ẽl-Midad : Jurnal PGMI, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 6, 2022.
A. S. Narestuti, D. Sudiarti, and U. Nurjanah, “Penerapan media pembelajaran komik digital untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa [Implementation of digital comic learning media to improve student learning outcomes],” Bioedusiana: Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 305–317, 2021, doi: 10.37058/bioed.v6i2.3756.
I. N. Urip, R. Renol, and H. K. Tarupay, “Pemanfaatan komik digital sebagai media pembelajaran di sekolah dasar [Utilization of digital comics as a learning medium in elementary schools],” Satya Sastraharing: Jurnal Manajeme, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 99–111, 2023, doi: 10.33363/satya-sastraharing.v7i2.1110.
A. Putra, and I. F. Milenia, “Systematic literature review: Media komik dalam pembelajaran matematika [Comic media in mathematics learning],” Mathema: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 30, 2021, doi: 10.33365/jm.v3i1.951.
M. M. Huda, N. Nasution, K. Prasetyo, and A. Stiawan, “Pengembangan media pembelajaran komik digital untuk meningkatkan berpikir kritis siswa tema awal berdirinya majapahit [Development of digital comic learning media to improve students’ critical thinking on the theme of the early founding of Majapahit],” Dialektika Pendidikan IPS, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 156–170, 2022, doi: 10.26740/penips.v2i2.48457.
A. S. Fitri, A. N. Aeni, and R. G. Nugraha, “Pengembangan komik digital untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar pada materi nilai-nilai pancasila siswa kelas IV sekolah dasar [Development of digital comics to improve learning outcomes on the Pancasila values material for fourth grade elementary school students],” Al-Madrasah: Jurnal Pendidikan Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 220, 2023, doi: 10.35931/am.v7i1.1756.
R. D. Prasasti, and N. Anas, “Pengembangan media digital berbasis flipbook untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis pada peserta didik [Development of flipbook-based digital media to improve critical thinking skills in students],” Munaddhomah: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 694–705, 2023, doi: 10.31538/munaddhomah.v4i3.589.
R. A. Saputri, F. P. Artharina, and K. Fajriyah, “Pengembangan komik flipbook berbasis profil pelajar pancasila hubungan antar makhluk hidup dalam ekosistem kelas v sd negeri 2 Sobo Grobogan [Development of flipbook comics based on Pancasila student profiles on the relationship between living things in the ecosystem of class V of Sd Negeri 2 Sobo Grobogan],” Didaktik : Jurnal Ilmiah PGSD STKIP Subang, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 378–386, 2023, doi: 10.36989/didaktik.v9i04.1547.
H. Hanifah, A. N. Aeni, and A. K. Jayadinata, “Pengembangan komik digital materi hak, kewajiban, dan tanggung jawab untuk meningkatkan pemahaman siswa [Development of digital comics on rights, obligations and responsibilities to improve students’ understanding],” ASANKA : Journal of Social Science and Education, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 1–10, 2023, doi: 10.21154/asanka.v4i1.5782.
A. Astami, M. Sitorus, and F. Rakhmawati, “Pengembangan media pembelajaran komik matematika berbasis GBL pada materi bangun datar [Development of GBL-based mathematical comic learning media on flat geometry material],” Relevan: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 123-135, 2023.
S. Sugiyono, Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R&D [Quantitative, Qualitative and R&D Research Methods]. Alfabeta.
A. S. Maharani, S. U. Nasuha, and S. R. Maulida, “Media pembelajaran sebagai alternatif meningkatkan gairah belajar [Learning media as an alternative to increase enthusiasm for learning],” Jurnal Bionatural, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 76-83, 2024.
Z. Iba, and A. Wardhana, Metode Penelitian [Research methods]. In Jurnal Keperawatan, 2023.
V. B. Kumbara, “Determinasi nilai pelanggan dan keputusan pembelian: Analisis kualitas produk, desain produk dan endorse [Determination of customer value and purchasing decisions: Analysis of product quality, product design and endorsement],” Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen Terapan, vol. 2, no. 5, pp. 604–630, 2021, doi: 10.31933/jimt.v2i5.568.
S. Purnama, “Metode penelitian dan pengembangan (pengenalan untuk mengembangkan produk pembelajaran Bahasa Arab) [Research and development methods (introduction to developing Arabic language learning products),” LITERASI (Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan), vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 19, 2016, doi: 10.21927/literasi.2013.4(1).19-32.
A. I. Priamada, and A. C. Utomo, “Pengembangan media flipchart berbasis komik pada materi sila-sila Pancasila untuk meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa kelas ii sekolah dasar [Development of comic-based flipchart media on the Pancasila principles material to increase learning motivation of second grade elementary school students],” Didaktika: Jurnal Kependidikan, vol. 13, no. 2, 2007–2016, 2024, doi: 10.58230/27454312.550.
N. Istiqamah, P. Pattaufi, and F. Febriati, “Pengembangan media komik digital untuk mata pelajaran bahasa Indonesia [Development of digital comic media for Indonesian language subjects],” Journal on Teacher Education, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 29–37, doi: 10.31004/jote.v5i3.25960.
T. M. Alam, G. A. Stoica, and O. Özgöbek, “Asking the classroom with technology: a systematic literature review,” Smart Learning Environments, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 7, 2025, doi: 10.1186/s40561-024-00348-z.
R. S. Retno, P. Purnomo, A. Hidayat, and A. Mashfufah, “Conceptual framework design for STEM-integrated project-based learning (PjBL-STEM) for elementary schools,” Asian Education and Development Studies, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 579-604, 2025, doi: 10.1108/AEDS-08-2024-0188.
A. Salamuddin, M. Rahmat, M. I. Firmansyah, and E. Suresman, “Humanistic approach to Islamic education learning management in shaping religious maturity among high school students: An exploratory study,” Nidhomul Haq: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 411-429, 2025, doi: 10.31538/ndhq.v10i2.191.
A. A. Mundofi, “Integration of deep learning approach in transforming islamic religious education learning in schools: A pedagogical and technological study,” Journal of Asian Primary Education (JoAPE), vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 79-90, 2025, doi: 10.59966/joape.v2i1.1787.
A. C. Dewi, and E. E. Saputra, “The influence of digital comic-based instructional media on students’ narrative text writing skills at SMP Muhammadiyah Rappang,” IJORER: International Journal of Recent Educational Research, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 890-903, 2025, doi: 10.46245/ijorer.v6i3.828.
J. M. Badeo, and B. C. O. K. Koc, “Use of comic-based learning module in mechanics in enhancing students’ conceptual understanding and motivation,” Science Education International, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 131-136, 2021.
S. Asli, “Enhancing wind energy awareness among fourth-grade students: The impact of comic-based learning on environmental education,” Sustainability, vol. 17, no. 10, pp. 4636, 2025, doi: 10.3390/su17104636.
M. Alabi, “Visual learning: The power of visual aids and multimedia,” Journal of Educational Technology, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 123-135, 2024.
E. Mayer, R. “The past, present, and future of the cognitive theory of multimedia learning,” Educational Psychology Review, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 8, 2024, doi: 10.1007/s10648-023-09842-1.
M. Noetel, S. Griffith, O. Delaney, N. R. Harris, T. Sanders, P. Parker ... and C. Lonsdale, “Multimedia design for learning: An overview of reviews with meta-meta-analysis,” Review of Educational Research, vol. 92, no. 3, pp. 413-454, 2022, doi: 10.3102/00346543211052329.
S. Yorganci, “The interactive e‐book and video feedback in a multimedia learning environment: Influence on performance, cognitive, and motivational outcomes,” Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 1005-1017, 2022, doi: 10.1111/jcal.12658.
N. Kerimbayev, Z. Umirzakova, R. Shadiev, and V. Jotsov, “A student-centered approach using modern technologies in distance learning: a systematic review of the literature,” Smart Learning Environments, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 61, 2023, doi: 10.1186/s40561-023-00280-8.
K. H. D. Tang, “Student-centered approach in teaching and learning: What does it really mean?,” Acta Pedagogia Asiana, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 72-83, 2023, doi: 10.53623/apga.v2i2.218.
S. Otto, L. B. Bertel, N. E. R. Lyngdorf, A. O. Markman, T. Andersen, and T. Ryberg, “Emerging digital practices supporting student-centered learning environments in higher education: A review of literature and lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic,” Education and Information Technologies, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 1673-1696, 2024, doi: 10.1007/s10639-023-11789-3.
U. Abdigapbarova, and N. Zhiyenbayeva, “Organization of student-centered learning within the professional training of a future teacher in a digital environment,” Education and Information Technologies, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 647-661, 2023, doi: 10.1007/s10639-022-11159-5.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rodhotul Janah, Kurotul Aeni

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and acknowledge that the Integrated Science Education Journal is the first publisher licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges and earlier and greater citation of published work.