Enhancing PKBM Institutional Governance: A Strategic Model for Strengthening Managerial Competence
Abstract
Purpose of the study: This research describes the governance of managers in organizing programs in non-formal education units at Community Learning Activity Center (PKBM) of Al Insan Cikeusi Village Darmaraja District Sumedang Regency. Therefore, this study aims to initiate alternative solutions to the problem by searching and finding a product model of PKBM institutional governance in improving their competence.
Methodology: The research design uses a qualitative descriptive approach. Data collection using interview techniques, observation, and documentation. Data analysis as an interactive model.
Main Findings: The expected research results reveal the design of the PKBM Institution Governance model in improving the competence of PKBM Al Insan managers. The elements of the educational process are very influential on the course of the implementation process, these elements are the manager as the subject of program implementation, the subject being guided (students / learning citizens), the person who guides (educators / tutors), the interaction between students and educators. Likewise, governance, approaches, strategies and techniques in organizing programs are arranged into a unified system that makes more use of environmental conditions. Programs in non-formal education units have met the level of community needs for the importance of education.
Novelty/Originality of this study: The output in this study created a product model of PKBM Institution Governance, national articles, HKI, mass media and governance guidelines and teaching materials for the PKBM Institution governance model.
References
M. Asaduzzaman, “Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance,” 2020. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-31816-5.
J. Field, and M. Leicester (Eds.), “Lifelong Learning: Education across the Lifespan,” Psychology Press, 2003.
A.K. Sarisaltik, and U. Sarisaltik, “An informal and transformative learning environment: The case of ODTÜ Bostan community garden in Turkey,” Cleaner and Responsible Consumption, vol. 15, 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.clrc.2024.100229.
C. Sukmana, “Analisis Mutu Satuan Pusat Kegiatan Belajar Masyarakat (PKBM),”In Bandung: Widina Media Utama. 2024.
C. Cedefop, “Terminology of European Education and Training Policy: A Selection of 130 Terms,” second ed., Publications Office of the European Union, 2014.
D. Sudjana, “Manajemen Program Pendidikan: untuk Pendidikan Nonformal dan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia,” Bandung: Falah Production. 2010.
J. Mutakim, O. Komar, E. Sudiapermana, J.R. Pramudia, L. Nuraeni, K. Sasmita, and A. Syahid,” Analysis of the Responsiveness of Community Learning Activity Centers (PKBM) to Learning Needs: Improving Creativity Programs, Environmental Services, and Sustainable Development”.
Proceedings of the International Conference on Environmental Learning Educational Technologies (ICELET 2023). doi: 10.2991/978-2-38476-240-8_5.
D. Sulaeman, M. Kamil, J.S. Ardiwinata, and A. Saepudin. “implementation of education management in increasing the quality of community learning centers,” Intern. Journal of Profess. Bus. Review, vol. 8, pp. 01- 21, 2023, doi: 10.26668/businessreview/2023.v8i9.3174.
H. Eshach, “Bridging in-school and out-of-school learning: Formal, nonformal, and Infromal Education,” Journal of Science Education and Technology, vol. 16, pp. 171–190, (2007). doi: 10.25139/jmnegara.v2i1.1068.
H. Hikmat,” The Role of Community Learning Activity Centers (PKBM) in the Context of Changing the Social Behavior of Street Children,” International Journal of Science and Society, vol. 4, 2022. http://ijsoc.goacademica.com
I. Saripah, N. Kamarubiani, D.N. Heryanto, H.L. Sirgear, and A. P. M. H. A. Mutamam, “determinant factors of participative partnership model in improving quality of community learning services (pkbm) in west java,” IJAEDU- International E-Journal of Advances in Education, vol. 5, 2019. http://ijaedu.ocerintjournals.org
I.K.A.J. Artha, W. Yulianingsih, Widodo, and A.D. Chayani, “Conceptual Training Models in Improving Competence of Community Learning Center Managers,” International Journal of Instruction, vol. 16, pp. 221-244, 2023, doi: 10.29333/iji.2023.16313a.
A. Hofstein, and S. Rosenfeld, “Bridging the gap between formal and informal science learning,” Studies in Science Education, vol. 28, pp. 87–112, 1996, doi: 10.1080/03057269608560085.
C. Power, “The Power of Education: Education for All, Development, in: Globalisation and UNESCO,” vol. 27, Springer, 2014, doi: 10.1007/978-981-287-221-0_1.
D. Mutiara, and M. Koesmawan, “strategic management in achieving service standards at the center for community learning activities (pkbm),” Asian Journal of Contemporary Education, vol. 4, pp. 57-68, 2020. doi: 10.18488/journal.137.2020.41.57.68.
L. Retnawati, N. Saurina, F. Pratama, and U. Pudjianto, “Study at Non-formal Education Institution PKBM: The Suitability between IT and Business Strategy Using SAMM,” AL-ISHLAH Jurnal Pendidikan, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 4890-4898 (2024). doi: 10.35445/alishlah.v16i4.5990.
M. Babichenko, A. Lefstein, and C.S.C. Asterhan, “Teacher collaborative inquiry into practice in school-based learning communities: The role of activity type,” Learning, Culture and Social Interaction, vol. 49, 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.lcsi.2024.100852.
M. Boe, and E. Kristiansen,” Hall of mirrors to enhance a network professional learning community for ECEC centre leaders,” International Journal of Educational Management, vol. 6, pp. 1786-1800, 2024, doi: 10.1108/IJEM-12-2023-0633.
J. Okello, E. Nakimuli-Mpungu, S. Musisi, E. Broekaert, and I. Derluyn, “The association between attachment and mental health symptoms among school-going adolescents in northern Uganda: the moderating role of war-related trauma,” PLoS One vol. 9, no. 3, pp. e88494, 2014, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088494.
M. Kamil, “Pendidikan Nonformal,” Bandung: Alfabeta. 2009.
M. Mutamam, “Conceptual Participatory Partnership Models in Improving the Quality of Education Services in Community Learning Center (PKBM) in West Java,” Proceedings of ADVED 2019- 5th International Conference on Advances in Education and Social Sciences 21-23 October 2019- Istanbul, Turkey.
M. Pidarta, “Perencanaan Pendidikan Partisipatori dengan Pendekatan Sistem,” Jakarta: PT Rineka Cipta. 2005.
M. Wani, and P. Phogat, “Effects on mental well-being of children facing armed conflict: a systemic review,” Indian Journal of Health & Wellbeing, vol. 9, no. 1, 2018, doi: 10.1186/s13031-018-0153-1.
M. Yasunaga, “Non-formal Education as a Means to Meet Learning Needs of Out- Of-School Children and Adolescents,: UNESCO Institute for Statistics, Montreal, 2014.
N. M. Suciani, and I. B. W. W. Keniten, “Peta Mutu Pendidikan Jenjang SMK Provinsi Bali,” In Blogspot.Com. Denpasar: LPMP Bali. 2019. doi: 10.1186/s13031-018-0153-1.
J.A.Ceron-Guzman, D. Tetteroo, J.Hu, and P.Markopoulos,” “It’s a little bit like cardiomyopathy Tinder”: Toward designing to facilitate locating peers and learning self-care ideas in online health communities,” International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, vol. 196, 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.ijhcs.2024.103441.
I.P. Salinas,” Egalitarian dialogue and student participation in Learning Communities. The case of the Coquimbo Region, Chile”. Learning, Culture and Social Interaction, vol. 49, 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.lcsi.2024.100867.
P. Santosa, “Administrasi Publik: Teori dan Aplikasi Good Governance,” Bandung: Refika Aditama. 2008.
P.S. Karlsson, F. Shafti, and K. Duffy,” The house of the business school: A pragmatic approach to conceptualising learning community,” The International Journal of Management Education, vol. 23, no. 2, 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.ijme.2025.101141
R. Hilal, and S. McGrath, “The role of vocational education and training in Palestine in addressing inequality and promoting human development,” J. Int. Comp. Educ. 87–102, (2016), doi: 10.14425/jice.2016.5.2.87.
S. Bhaduri, Q. Biddy, M. Rummel, and M. Recker,” Community partnership design of a maker-related camp for underserved youth: Impacts on youths’ present and future learning trajectories,” International Journal of Child-Computer Interaction, vol. 44, 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.ijcci.2025.100723
B.A. Robinson, B. McCormack, and C. Dickson, “Becoming a person-centred facilitator of learning in a hospital setting: Findings from a participatory action-oriented study with hospital-based educators,” Nurse Education in Practice, vol. 82, 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.nepr.2024.104222.
C. Cipriano, E. Ahmad, M.F. McCharty, C.Ha, and A.Ross, “Illustrating the need for centering student identity in universal school-based social and emotional learning,” Social and Emotional Learning: Research, Practice, and Policy, vol. 5, 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.sel.2025.100088.
S. Debarliev, A. Janeska-Iliev, O. Stripeikis, and B. Zupan, “What can education bring to entrepreneurship? Formal versus non-formal education,” J. Small Bus. Manag. vol. 60, no. 1, pp. 219–252, 2022, doi: 10.1080/00472778.2019.1700691.
Y. Colliver, and N. Veraksa, “The aim of the game: A pedagogical tool to support young children’s learning through play,” Learning, Culture and Social Interaction, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 296–310, 2019. doi: 10.1016/j.lcsi.2019.03.001.
S. Palah, I, Wasliman, S. Sauri, and M. A. Gaffar, “Principal Strategic Management In Improving The Quality Of Education,” International Journal of Educational Research &Amp; Social Sciences, vol. 3, pp. 2041–2051, 2022. doi: 10.51601/ijersc.v3i5.497
Sugiyono. “Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D,” Bandung: Alfabeta. 2019.
T. J. Raharjo, “Proses Interaksi Belajar Pendidikan Luar Sekolah,” Semarang: UNNES Press. 2005.
E. Lyby, “in: J. Crisp, C. Talbot, D. Cipollone (Eds.), Vocational Training for Refugees: a Case Study from Tanzania”, pp. 217–259, 2001, doi: 10.1080/13636820100200188.
UDHR, “Universal declaration of human rights,” UN General Assembly 302 (2) (1948) 14–25.
UNESCO, “UNESCO guidelines for the recognition, validation and accreditation of the outcomes of non-formal and informal learning,” Hamburg: UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning, (2012).
I. Merino, A. Membrive, M. Largo, and A. Engel,” School projects with the community: Educational practices that promote connection between learning contexts and experiences,” Acta Psychologica, vol. 255, 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.104893.
D. Colardyn, and J. Bjornavold, “Validation of formal, non-formal and informal learning: policy and practices in EU member states,” Eur. J. Educ, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 69–89, 2004, doi: 10.1111/j.0141-8211.2004.00167.x.
E. Nurfadlilah, “Tata Kelola Pendidikan: Studi Tentang Gerakan Ayo Sekolah di Kabupaten Bojonegoro Dilihat dari Perspektif Good Governance dan Sound Governance,” Kebijakan Dan Manajemen Publik, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 1–12, 2017, doi: 10.25139/jmnegara.v2i1.1068.
B. Muthe, Desain Pembelajaran. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Insan Madani. 2014.
V. Alekh, V. Vennila, R. Nair, V. Susmitha, A. Muraleedharan, and M. Alkoyak-Yildiz, “Aim for the sky: Fostering a constructionist learning environment for teaching maker skills to children in India,” Proceedings of the Creativity and Fabrication in Education (FabLearn Europe 2018) conference, (pp. 87–94), doi: 10.1145/3213818.3213830.
W. Sanjaya, “Strategi Pembelajaran Berorientasi Standar Proses Pendidikan,” Jakarta: Prenada Media Group. 2010.
Y. Shantini, D. Hidayat, and L. Oktiwanti, “Community Learning Center in Indonesia: Managing Program in Nonformal Education,” International Journal of Research & Review , 6 (2019). www.ijrrjournal.com
C. Tubbs Dolan, H.Y. Kim, L. Brown, K. Gjicali, S. Borsani, S.E. Houchaimi, and J.L. Aber, “Supporting Syrian Refugee children’s academic and social-emotional learning in national education systems: a cluster randomized controlled trial of nonformal remedial support and mindfulness programs in Lebanon,” Am. Educ. Res. J. vol. 59, no. 3, pp. 419–460, 2022, doi: 10.3102/00028312211062911.
E.R.Chotim, “The Role of Community Learning Activity Centers in Overcoming Social Problems,” Al-Ishlah: Jurnal Pendidikan, vol. 13, pp. 2689-2698, 2021, doi: 10.35445/alishlah.v13i3.1446.
Copyright (c) 2025 Oong Komar, Cucu Sukmana, Budi Setiawan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and acknowledge that the Integrated Science Education Journal is the first publisher licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges and earlier and greater citation of published work.
