SINTA

0.0

Impact

Scholar

9

H-Index

Interval: Indonesian Journal of Mathematical Education

an Open Access Journal

Picture Media as a Solution for Mathematics Learning: A Classroom Action Study on Fourth Grade Elementary School Students

Arlisa Tri Winarni
Yogyakarta State University ROR
Indonesia
arlisatrwinarni1995@gmail.com
Kisyanto Kisyanto
Kaliabu State Elementary School
Indonesia
Share

  • Purpose of the study: The aim of this research is to improve mathematics learning outcomes by using image media for angle measurement material for fourth grade elementary school students.

    Methodology: This classroom action research used observation sheets, essay-type achievement tests, lesson plans, and image-based learning media. The method used followed two cycles of Classroom Action Research (planning, action, observation, and reflection). Data were collected through student achievement tests and then analyzed descriptively using percentage calculations without special software.

    Main Findings: The use of image-based learning media improved mathematics learning outcomes of fourth-grade students. Classical mastery increased from 25% in the pre-action stage to 50% in Cycle I, showing a 25% improvement. In Cycle II, classical mastery reached 83.3%, indicating a further increase of 33.3% and exceeding the minimum mastery criterion of 75%.

    Novelty/Originality of this study: This study offers novelty by systematically applying image-based learning media within a classroom action research framework to improve elementary students’ understanding of angle measurement. It provides practical evidence of step-by-step improvement across cycles, enriching empirical knowledge on effective visual media integration in primary mathematics learning.

  • How to cite

    Picture Media as a Solution for Mathematics Learning: A Classroom Action Study on Fourth Grade Elementary School Students. (2025). Interval: Indonesian Journal of Mathematical Education, 3(2), 137-145. https://doi.org/10.37251/ijome.v3i2.2511

    More Citation Formats

  • 185
    Abstract views
    138
    Downloads

    Metrics — Badges

    1. M. Jamil, T. Batool Bokhari, and J. Iqbal, “Incorporation of Critical Thinking Skills Development: A Case of Mathematics Curriculum for Grades I-XII,” J. Asian Dev. Stud., vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 375–382, 2024, doi: 10.62345/jads.2024.13.1.32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.62345/jads.2024.13.1.32
    2. I. P. P. Suryawan, I. G. P. Sudiarta, and I. G. P. Suharta, “Students’ Critical Thinking Skills in Solving Mathematical Problems: Systematic Literature Review,” Indones. J. Educ. Res. Rev., vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 120–133, 2023, doi: 10.23887/ijerr.v6i1.56462. DOI: https://doi.org/10.23887/ijerr.v6i1.56462
    3. Q. Wang and A. H. Abdullah, “Enhancing Students’ Critical Thinking Through Mathematics in Higher Education: A Systemic Review,” Sage Open, vol. 14, no. 3, Jul. 2024, doi: 10.1177/21582440241275651. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440241275651
    4. T. Siregar, A. Fauzan, Y. Yerizon, and S. Syafriandi, “Designing Mathematics Teaching through Deep Learning Pedagogy: Toward Meaningful, Mindful, and Joyful Learning,” J. Deep Learn., vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 188–202, 2025, [Online]. Available: https://journals2.ums.ac.id/index.php/jdl/article/view/11156/3574 DOI: https://doi.org/10.23917/jdl.v1i2.11969
    5. Y. S. May, A. Anal, and F. S. Hoe, “Enhancing the Basic Mathematical Skills of Pupils with Mathematical Learning Difficulties using Metic Board: A Conceptual Framework‏,” J. Soc. Sci. Bus., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 20–26, 2024, doi: 10.5281/zenodo.12567016.
    6. B. Bognar, S. Mužar Horvat, and L. Jukić Matić, “Characteristics of Effective Elementary Mathematics Instruction: A Scoping Review of Experimental Studies,” Educ. Sci., vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 1–38, 2025, doi: 10.3390/educsci15010076. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci15010076
    7. F. Hardiansyah and M. Mulyadi, “Improve Science Learning Outcomes for Elementary School Students Through The Development of Flipbook Media,” J. Penelit. Pendidik. IPA, vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 3069–3077, 2022, doi: 10.29303/jppipa.v8i6.2413. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v8i6.2413
    8. D. Harefa and I. W. Suastra, “Mathematics Education Based on Local Wisdom: Learning Strategies Through Hombo Batu,” Afore J. Pendidik. Mat., vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 1–11, 2024, doi: 10.57094/afore.v3i2.2236. DOI: https://doi.org/10.57094/afore.v3i2.2236
    9. S. Mustoip, D. Lestari, and R. Purwati, “Implementation of STEAM Learning Methods to Develop Collaborative and Creative Characters of Elementary School Students,” JPS J. Prim. Sch., vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 13–20, 2024, [Online]. Available: https://journal.pusmedia.com/index.php/JPS/article/view/103
    10. A. S. Salifu and A. Bakari, “Exploring the Relationship Between Students’ Perception, Interest and Mathematics Achievement,” Mediterr. J. Soc. Behav. Res., vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 13–20, 2022, doi: 10.30935/mjosbr/11491. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30935/mjosbr/11491
    11. S. T. Hamukwaya, “A Comparison of the Perceived Difficulties in Learning High School Mathematics from the Perspective of Teachers and Students,” Int. J. Math. Teach. Learn., vol. XLIX, no. 23, pp. 46–63, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4256/ijmtl.v23i1.317
    12. Y. F. Hussein and C. Csíkos, “The effect of teaching conceptual knowledge on students’ achievement, anxiety about, and attitude toward mathematics,” Eurasia J. Math. Sci. Technol. Educ., vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 1–25, 2023, doi: 10.29333/ejmste/12938. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/12938
    13. R. Akmalia, F. Fajriana, R. Rohantizani, H. Nufus, and W. Wulandari, “Development of powtoon animation learning media in improving understanding of mathematical concept,” Malikussaleh J. Math. Learn., vol. 4, no. 2, p. 105, 2021, doi: 10.29103/mjml.v4i2.5710. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29103/mjml.v4i2.5710
    14. B. A. Hany and N. Setyaningsih, “The Influence of Learning Media, Learning Motivation and Mathematics Communication on Mathematics Learning Outcomes,” J. Math. Math. Educ., vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 44–51, 2022, doi: 10.20961/jmme.v12i1.58714. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20961/jmme.v12i1.58714
    15. K. Khuluq, S. Sukartono, A. Veranita, and I. Ariyati, “Optimizing Image Media on Mathematics Learning Outcomes for High Grade Students in Elementary Schools,” Bul. KKN Pendidik., vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 47–60, 2024, doi: 10.23917/bkkndik.v6i1.23651. DOI: https://doi.org/10.23917/bkkndik.v6i1.23651
    16. B. Anjarweni, A. Buchori, and J. Sulianto, “Lumio media development to improve motivation and critical thinking abilities in elementary school students,” Indones. J. Educ. Dev., vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 29–40, 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.59672/ijed.v6i3.5615
    17. R. Anjarwati and L. Sa’adah, “Student learning engagement in the online class,” EnJourMe (English J. Merdeka) Cult. Lang. Teach. English, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 39–49, 2021, doi: 10.26905/enjourme.v6i2.6128. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26905/enjourme.v6i2.6128
    18. S. Silvester, P. D. Purnasari, M. L. Sumarni, and T. V. D. Saputro, “Application of Concrete Learning Media to Improve Mathemat-ics Learning Outcomes of Elementary School Students,” J. Educ. Policy Anal., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 24–29, 2023, [Online]. Available: https://businessandfinanceanalyst.com
    19. A. Jannah, Irwandi, A. H. Lubis, and N. M. Julia, “Development of Number Card Media in Mathematics Learning for Elementary School Students,” J. Indones. Prim. Sch., vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 12–23, 2024, doi: 10.62945/jips.v1i3.135. DOI: https://doi.org/10.62945/jips.v1i3.135
    20. Leli Hasanah Lubis, B. Febriani, R. Fitra Yana, A. Azhar, and M. Darajat, “The Use of Learning Media and its Effect on Improving the Quality of Student Learning Outcomes,” Int. J. Educ. Soc. Stud. Manag., vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 7–14, 2023, doi: 10.52121/ijessm.v3i2.148. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52121/ijessm.v3i2.148
    21. H. Hartono, N. Ningsi, and S. Hina, “Developing Interactive Learning Media to Enhance Elementary School Students’ Learning Motivation,” Educ. J. Prim. Educ., vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 81–96, 2025, doi: 10.35719/educare.v6i1.291. DOI: https://doi.org/10.35719/educare.v6i1.291
    22. S. Adipat, K. Laksana, K. Busayanon, A. Ausawasowan, and B. Adipat, “Engaging Students in the Learning Process with Game-Based Learning: The Fundamental Concepts,” Int. J. Technol. Educ., vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 542–552, 2021, doi: 10.46328/ijte.169. DOI: https://doi.org/10.46328/ijte.169
    23. A. Marougkas, C. Troussas, A. Krouska, and C. Sgouropoulou, “Virtual Reality in Education: A Review of Learning Theories, Approaches and Methodologies for the Last Decade,” Electron., vol. 12, no. 13, pp. 1–21, 2023, doi: 10.3390/electronics12132832. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12132832
    24. A. C. Tabuena and J. Pentang, “Learning Motivation and Utilization of Virtual Media in Learning Mathematics,” SSRN Electron. J., vol. 1, pp. 1–11, 2021, doi: 10.2139/ssrn.3969549. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3969549
    25. S. Ji, N. A. M. Mokmin, and J. Wang, “Evaluating the impact of augmented reality on visual communication design education: Enhancing student motivation, achievement, interest, and engagement,” Educ. Inf. Technol., vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 6617–6639, Apr. 2025, doi: 10.1007/s10639-024-13050-x. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-024-13050-x
    26. F. R. Rahim, S. Y. Sari, P. D. Sundari, F. Aulia, and N. Fauza, “Interactive design of physics learning media: The role of teachers and students in a teaching innovation,” in Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2022, pp. 1–8. doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/2309/1/012075. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2309/1/012075
    27. A. H. Pulungan, “The Use of Interactive Learning Media for Teachers in Rural Areas,” Budapest Int. Res. Critics Linguist. Educ. J., vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 524–532, 2021, doi: 10.33258/birle.v4i1.1705. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33258/birle.v4i1.1705
    28. L. R. Mayarita, D. Dafik, and T. Prastati, “The Development of Environment-Based Visual Media to Enhance Learning Outcomes and Student Motivation in Science Course,” Int. J. Curr. Sci. Res. Rev., vol. 06, no. 07, pp. 4420–4428, 2023, doi: 10.47191/ijcsrr/v6-i7-56. DOI: https://doi.org/10.47191/ijcsrr/V6-i7-56
    29. M. Kurniawan, Y. A. Putri, and G. C. Alianti, “Learning Fun English through Pop-Up QR Book: An Audio-Visual Aid for Early Childhood Foreign Language Development,” Eur. J. Educ. Pedagog., vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 7–14, Jan. 2024, doi: 10.24018/ejedu.2024.5.1.788. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24018/ejedu.2024.5.1.788
    30. K. Khandiq, F. B. Suryani, and S. Utaminingsih, “The Effect of Media Picture and Video on Mathematics Learning Outcomes of Fifth Grade Elementary School Students in Sayung District, Demak Regency,” Uniglobal J. Soc. Sci. Humanit., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 83–86, 2022, doi: 10.53797/ujssh.v1sp.14.2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.53797/ujssh.v1sp.14.2022
    31. Bulkani, M. Fatchurahman, H. Adella, and M. Andi Setiawan, “Development of animation learning media based on local wisdom to improve student learning outcomes in elementary schools,” Int. J. Instr., vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 55–72, 2022, doi: 10.29333/iji.2022.1514a. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2022.1514a
    32. N. A. Sabrina, L. R. Maharaja, M. M. Naingglan, and M. L. Gaol, “Pengaruh Pengembangan Media Ajar Visual Terhadap Siswa Sekolah Dasar dalam Memahami Konsep Matematika Secara Visual,” J. Pendidik. Mat., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1–11, 2023, doi: 10.47134/ppm.v1i1.113. DOI: https://doi.org/10.47134/ppm.v1i1.113
    33. H. Setiyawan and H. M. D. Soewardini, “Integrating Puzzles and STAD Model in Teaching Angle Measurement to Elementary School Third Graders: An Action Research Study,” Educ. Hum. Dev. J., vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 83–90, 2023, doi: 10.33086/ehdj.v8i2.5282. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33086/ehdj.v8i2.5282
    34. M. Arsyad, M. Mujahiddin, and A. W. Syakhrani, “The Efficiency of Using Visual Learning Media in Improving The Understanding of Science Concepts in Elementary School Students,” Indones. J. Educ., vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 775–787, 2024.
    35. M. H. Arefian, “Collaborative action research as a reflective tool for pre-service EFL teachers’ inclusion,” Reflective Pract., vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 651–662, 2022, doi: 10.1080/14623943.2022.2103107. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14623943.2022.2103107
    36. S. Aras, “Action Research as an Inquiry-Based Teaching Practice Model for Teacher Education Programs,” Syst. Pract. Action Res., vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 153–168, Apr. 2021, doi: 10.1007/s11213-020-09526-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11213-020-09526-9
    37. N. Nurhidaya and P. Pujaningsih, “Enhancing English Vocabulary Reading Skills Through Audiovisual Phonics Instruction : A Classroom Action Research on Students with Specific Learning Difficulties,” J. Innov. Res. Prim. Educ., vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 1501–1515, 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.56916/jirpe.v4i3.1640
    38. T. Rabgay and G. Kidman, “Multiple iterations and messiness in the implementation of action research by Bhutanese secondary science teachers,” Discov. Educ., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 1–12, 2023, doi: 10.1007/s44217-023-00077-4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s44217-023-00077-4
    39. V. Ward, T. Tooman, B. Reid, H. Davies, and M. Marshall, “Embedding researchers into organisations: A study of the features of embedded research initiatives,” Evid. Policy, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 593–614, 2021, doi: 10.1332/174426421X16165177580453. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1332/174426421X16165177580453
    40. O. Kordsachia, M. Focke, and P. Velte, “Do sustainable institutional investors contribute to firms’ environmental performance? Empirical evidence from Europe,” Rev. Manag. Sci., vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 1409–1436, Jul. 2022, doi: 10.1007/s11846-021-00484-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-021-00484-7
    41. I. Latifah and I. Safrida, “Improving Students’ Language Skills with Punakawan Wayang Media at RA Mansyaul Huda: A Classroom Action Research,” J. Indones. Prim. Sch., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 13–24, 2025, doi: 10.62945/jips.v2i1.415. DOI: https://doi.org/10.62945/jips.v2i1.415
    42. Y. Yusnidar, I. Mauliana, N. Ulfa, and A. Fitria, “Improving Student Learning Outcomes with the Problem Based Learning Model: Classroom Action Research at the State Islamic Primary School,” Indones. J. Educ. Soc. Humanit., vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 1–8, 2024, doi: 10.62945/ijesh.v1i2.62. DOI: https://doi.org/10.62945/ijesh.v1i2.62
    43. A. Mahmudi, E. Suryaningsih, and K. Rizal, “Implementation of Problem Based Learning Model to Improve Understanding of Friday Prayer Material in Elementary School Students,” MADINA J. Islam. Stud., vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 1–16, 2024, doi: 10.62945/madina.v1i2.208. DOI: https://doi.org/10.62945/madina.v1i2.208
    44. W. Wahyudi, A. W. M., and A. Aliyuddin, “Implementation of Inside, Outside and Circle (IOC) Based RPP to Increase Student Learning Motivation in Fiqh Subjects,” Sch. Soc. Lit. Study Educ., vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 1–15, 2024, doi: 10.32764/schoolar.v4i1.4602. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32764/schoolar.v4i1.4602
    45. J. Angeles, G. B. Naparan, G. Celesio, and R. Ecot, “Describing the Preparation, Delivery, and Challenges of Teachers in the Classroom Observation Through Learning Action Cell,” Panagdait J., vol. 12, pp. 47–62, 2024, doi: 10.2139/ssrn.4740016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4740016
    46. K. Caratiquit and R. Pablo, “Exploring the practices of secondary school teachers in preparing for classroom observation amidst the new normal of education,” J. Soc. Humanit. Educ., vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 281–296, 2021, doi: 10.35912/jshe.v1i4.721. DOI: https://doi.org/10.35912/jshe.v1i4.721
    47. K. Okoye, S. D. N. Daruich, J. F. E. De La O, R. Castano, J. Escamilla, and S. Hosseini, “A Text Mining and Statistical Approach for Assessment of Pedagogical Impact of Students’ Evaluation of Teaching and Learning Outcome in Education,” IEEE Access, vol. 11, pp. 9577–9596, 2023, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3239779. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3239779
    48. L. Zhang and Y. Ma, “A study of the impact of project-based learning on student learning effects: a meta-analysis study,” Front. Psychol., vol. 14, Jul. 2023, doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1202728. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1202728
    49. K. Kamid, N. Huda, W. Syafmen, S. Sufri, and S. Sofnidar, “The relationship between students’ mathematical disposition and their learning outcomes,” J. Educ. Learn., vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 376–382, 2021, doi: 10.11591/edulearn.v15i3.17604. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11591/edulearn.v15i3.17604
    50. D. Harefa, “The Relationship Between Students’ Interest in Learning and Mathematics Learning Outcomes,” AFORE J. Pendidik. Mat., vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 1–11, 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.57094/afore.v2i2.1054
    51. H. Taherdoost, “Data Collection Methods and Tools for Research; A Step-by-Step Guide to Choose Data Collection Technique for Academic and Business Research Projects,” Int. J. Acad. Res. Manag., vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 10–38, 2021, [Online]. Available: https://hal.science/hal-03741847%0Ahttps://hal.science/hal-03741847/document
    52. B. T. Khoa, B. P. Hung, and M. H. Brahmi, “Qualitative research in social sciences: data collection, data analysis and report writing,” Int. J. Public Sect. Perform. Manag., vol. 12, no. 1/2, pp. 187–209, 2023, doi: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2023.132247. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPSPM.2023.132247
    53. N. K. Sharma, “Instruments Used in the Collection of Data in Research,” SSRN Electron. J., vol. 1, no. I, pp. 1–8, 2022, doi: 10.2139/ssrn.4138751. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4138751
    54. A. M. Sharafaddini, K. K. Esfahani, and N. Mansouri, “Deep learning approaches to detect breast cancer: a comprehensive review,” Multimed. Tools Appl., vol. 84, no. 21, pp. 24079–24190, Aug. 2024, doi: 10.1007/s11042-024-20011-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-024-20011-6
    55. N. Nurbayani and A. Amiruddin, “Teacher Strategies in Implementing Religious Moderation Values in Islamic Educational Institutions,” Al-Hayat J. Islam. Educ., vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 778–787, 2024, doi: 10.35723/ajie.v8i2.672. DOI: https://doi.org/10.35723/ajie.v8i2.672
    56. H. Haryono, W. H. Legiana, and M. Carolina, “The Social Construction of Reality: Junior High School Students Brawl in Balaraja Tangerang,” JCIC J. CIC Lemb. Ris. dan Konsult. Sos., vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 13–20, 2023, doi: 10.51486/jbo.v5i1.75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.51486/jbo.v5i1.75
    57. J. I. Chisunum and C. N. Nwadiokwu, “Enhancing Student Engagement through Practical Production and Utilization of Instructional Materials in an Educational Technology Class: A Multifaceted Approach,” NIU J. Educ. Res., vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 81–89, 2024, doi: 10.58709/niujed.v10i2.2002. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58709/niujed.v10i2.2002
    58. B. R. Werang and S. M. R. Leba, “Factors Affecting Student Engagement in Online Teaching and Learning: A Qualitative Case Study,” Qual. Rep., vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 555–577, 2022, doi: 10.46743/2160-3715/2022.5165. DOI: https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2022.5165
    59. S. L. Mariati, “The Influence of Interactive Learning Media on Students Interest in Learning in Mathematics Subjects at UPTD SMPN 7 Sinjai,” Int. J. Curric. Dev. Teach. Learn. Innov., vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 160–165, 2024, doi: 10.47435/jtmt.v5i2.3234. DOI: https://doi.org/10.47435/jtmt.v5i2.3234
    60. W. Hidayat and L. Linda, “The effectiveness of developing culture-based mathematics learning media through visual basic application,” J. Honai Math, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 1–16, 2023, [Online]. Available: https://journalfkipunipa.org/index.php/jhm/article/view/396
    61. T. F. Haq and N. Z. Madany, “Visual Media On Language Learning: How Different Visual Aids Affect Comprehension And Retention,” urnal Pendidikan, Sos. Hum. QOSIM J. Pendidikan, Sos. Hum., vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 671–686, 2025, doi: 10.61104/jq.v3i2.1081. DOI: https://doi.org/10.61104/jq.v3i2.1081