Validation of Problem-Based Learning Teaching Modules on Momentum and Impulse to Improve Students' Critical Thinking Skills
Abstract
Purpose of the study: This study aims to validate a Problem-Based Learning (PBL) teaching module on Momentum and Impulse material to improve the critical thinking skills of Grade XI students. The validation ensures the module's feasibility before implementation in the classroom.
Methodology: This research and development (R&D) study used the Four-D Model (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate), limited to the development stage. Validation involved four experts who assessed the module using a validation questionnaire. Data were analyzed quantitatively based on content, construct, language, presentation, and assessment criteria.
Main Findings: The module received an average validity score of 89%, categorized as "Valid" without revision. The highest scores were in learning construct/model (92%) and assessment (91%). All aspects is content, language, presentation, and graphics were deemed suitable for classroom use, supporting the module's readiness for implementation.
Novelty/Originality of this study: This study offers a PBL-based teaching module specifically designed for the Merdeka Curriculum, integrating critical thinking indicators and Pancasila Student Profile values. It addresses the lack of contextual, structured physics teaching tools and provides a validated, practical resource for teachers to enhance students' critical thinking through real-world problems.
References
T. Rijwani, S. Kumari, and R. Srinivas, “Industry 5.0: a review of emerging trends and transformative technologies in the next industrial revolution,” Int J Interact Des Manuf, vol. 19, 2025, doi: 10.1007/s12008-024-01943-7.
R. H. Ennis, “Critical Thinking and Subject Specificity: Clarification and Needed Research,” Educ. Res., vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 4–10, 1989, doi: 10.3102/0013189X018003004.
A. Afandi, E. S. Wahyuni, T. Kristiana, and D. A. Putra, “Profile of Critical Thinking Skills of Students in High School on Climate Change and Waste Recycling Materials,” Int. J. Pedagog. Teach. Educ., vol. 5, no. 2, p. 96, 2021, doi: 10.20961/ijpte.v5i2.50826.
E. K. Kotimah, W. Sumarni, A. Widiyatmoko, A. T. Prasetya, and A. Rusilowati, “The Effectiveness of Ethnoscience-Based Electronic Student Worksheet to Improve Critical Thinking and Scientific Literacy in Middle School Students,” J. Penelit. Pendidik. IPA, vol. 10, no. 11, pp. 8387–8406, 2024, doi: 10.29303/jppipa.v10i11.8729.
E. N. Prasetyowati and S. Suyatno, “Peningkatan Penguasaan Konsep Dan Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Melalui Implementasi Model Pembelajaran Inkuiri Pada Materi Pokok Larutan Penyangga,” JKPK (Jurnal Kim. dan Pendidik. Kim., vol. 1, no. 1, p. 67, 2020, doi: 10.20961/jkpk.v1i1.10122.
I. W. Suastra and N. M. Pujani, “Ethnoscience-Based Science Learning Model to Develop Critical Thinking Ability and Local Cultural Concern for Junior High School Students in Lombok,” J. Penelit. Pendidik. IPA, vol. 7, no. 20, 2021, doi: 10.29303/jppipa.v7i1.530.
A. M. Kamarainen et al., “EcoMOBILE: Integrating augmented reality and probeware with environmental education field trips,” Comput. Educ., vol. 68, pp. 545–556, 2013, doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2013.02.018.
M. G. Nugraha, I. Kaniawati, D. Rusdiana, and K. H. Kirana, “Combination of inquiry learning model and computer simulation to improve mastery concept and the correlation with critical thinking skills (CTS),” AIP Conf. Proc., vol. 1708, no. December 2022, 2016, doi: 10.1063/1.4941181.
A. F. Rahmaniar, A. Pinandito, and A. Rachmadi, “Analisis Pengaruh Kemudahan Penggunaan, Kenyamanan, Dan Kebiasaan Terhadap Niat Keberlanjutan Layanan Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard (QRIS) Di Kota Malang,” J. Pengemb. Teknol. Inf. dan Ilmu Komput., vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 1–10, 2025.
G. O. Anggraini and W. Wiryanto, “Analysis of Ki Hajar Dewantara’s Humanistic Education in the Concept of Independent Learning Curriculum,” J. Penelit. Ilmu Pendidik., vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 33–45, 2022, doi: 10.21831/jpipfip.v15i1.41549.
A. M. Fitrianingrum, P. M. Silangen, I. E. A. Loding, P. S. Makarawung, and Y. D. Muhammad, “Inovasi dan tantangan pembelajaran fisika di sma negeri 2 tondano pada era perubahan kurikulum,” CHARM SAINS, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 288–293, 2025.
F. Daryanes, D. Darmadi, K. Fikri, I. Sayuti, M. A. Rusandi, and D. D. B. Situmorang, “The development of articulate storyline interactive learning media based on case methods to train student’s problem-solving ability,” Heliyon, vol. 9, no. 4, p. e15082, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15082.
S. Sudirman, S. Sutikno, D. R. Indriyanti, W. Sumarni, and M. Rahayuningsi, “Integration of Ethnoscience in Natural Science learning: Literacy Study,” J. Penelit. Pendidik. IPA, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 68–77, 2025, doi: 10.29303/jppipa.v11i6.9980.
C. Huda, D. Sulisworo, and M. Toifur, “Analisis Buku Ajar Termodinamika dengan Konsep Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK),” J. Penelit. Pembelajaran Fis., vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 1–7, 2017.
S. Sumarmi, “Problematika Penerapan Kurikulum Merdeka Belajar,” Soc. Sci. Acad., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 94–103, 2023, doi: 10.37680/ssa.v1i1.3193.
F. D. Sari, L. Subagiyo, and M. Syam, “Effect of Guided Inquiry Learning Model with Flipped Classroom Method toward Critical Thinking,” J. Penelit. Pendidik. IPA, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 57–65, 2023, doi: 10.29303/jppipa.v9i1.1953.
S. Tambunan, “Mekanisme Dan Keabsahan Transaksi Jual Beli E-Commercemenurut Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata,” Badamai Law J., vol. 1, no. 1, p. 180, 2016, doi: 10.32801/damai.v1i1.257.
K. Septaria, A. Fatharani, Z. A. I. Supardi, S. Suyono, and Madha Alya Regita, “Pengembangan Sikap Ilmiah Abad 21 Melalui Lembar Kerja Berbasis Teori Pembelajaran Sosial pada Materi Listrik Statis,” J. Penelit. Sains dan Pendidik., vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 65–86, 2025, doi: 10.23971/jpsp.v5i1.9758.
D. Meitaza, I. Sriyanti, L. Marlina, N. Najihah, and B. Zulkarnain, “A Validity of E-LKPD Based on Problem Based Learning for Improve Critical Thinking Skill,” vol. 5, no. 6, 2024, doi: 10.37251/ijoer.v5i6.1244.
D. Meitaza, K. Wiyono, L. Marlina, and I. Sriyanti, “An Identification of Learning Motivation and Learning Outcomes in Vibration, Wave, and Light Materials,” Berk. Ilm. Pendidik. Fis., vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 55–62, 2025, doi: 10.20527/bipf.v13i1.19355.
M. Dariah, I. Sriyanti, and L. Marlina, “Analisis Kebutuhan E-LKPD Berbasis Problem Based Learning Materi Filtrasi Untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis,” vol. 14, pp. 120–128, 2024, doi: 10.24929/lensa.v14i2.577.
A. A. Sari and D. Purwaningsih, “Pengembangan e-LKPD Berbasis Problem Based Learning (PBL) Dengan Liveworksheets Pada Materi Asam Basa,” J. Ilm. WUNY, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 13–26, 2023.
A. Maulana and Et.al., “Analisis Kelayakan Fasilitas Landside di Terminal 3 Ultimate Bandar Udara Internasional Soekarno-Hatta,” Karya Tek. Sipil, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 74–84, 2017.
J. Simbolon, I. Sakti, R. Wikrama, Sutarno, and E. Nursaadah, “Pengembangan E-Modul Berbasis Stem Pada Materi Suhu Dan Perubahannya Untuk Siswa Kelas VII SMP,” DIKSAINS J. Ilm. Pendidik. Sains, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 108–117, 2023.
L. Marlina, M. Yusup, N. Farahwahidah, and A. Rahman, “Validity of Electronic Module ( E-Module ) Assisted by Book Creator on Matter of Substance and Its Change to improve Critical Thinking Skills in Junior High Schools,” no. x, pp. 1–14, 2022.
S. Rahmi and M. Syukur, “Analisis Penggunaan Bahasa Daerah dan Lemahnya Kemampuan Berbahasa Indonesia pada Siswa SD No. 249 Tunrung Ganrang,” J. Syntax Imp. J. Ilmu Sos. dan Pendidik., vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 131–139, 2023, doi: 10.36418/syntax-imperatif.v4i2.228.
D. D. Lestari and M. Muchlis, “Pengembangan e-lkpd berorientasi contextual teaching and learning (ctl) untuk melatihkan keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa pada materi termokimia kelas xi sma,” J. Pendidik. Kim. Indones., vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 25–33, 2021, doi: 10.23887/jpk.v5i1.30987.
M. Waruwu, “Metode Penelitian dan Pengembangan (R&D): Konsep, Jenis, Tahapan dan Kelebihan,” J. Ilm. Profesi Pendidik., vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 1220–1230, 2024, doi: 10.29303/jipp.v9i2.2141.
R. Zvauya, S. Purandare, N. Young, and M. Pallan, “The Use of Mind Maps as an Assessment Tool in a Problem Based Learning Course,” Creat. Educ., vol. 08, no. 11, pp. 1782–1793, 2017, doi: 10.4236/ce.2017.811122.
H. Yuan, W. Kunaviktikul, A. Klunklin, and B. A. Williams, “Promoting Critical Thinking Skills Trough Problem-Based Learning CMU,” C. J. Soc. Sci. Hum., vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 85–100, 2008.
A. Khovivah, E. S. Gultom, and S. S. Lubis, “Pengembangan Lkpd Berbasis Problem Based Learning Dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Siswa,” LENSA (Lentera Sains) J. Pendidik. IPA, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 152–161, 2022, doi: 10.24929/lensa.v12i2.258.
K. R. Winatha, “Pengembangan E-modul Interaktif Berbasis Proyek Mata Pelajaran Simulasi Digital,” J. Pendidik. Teknol. dan Kejuru., vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 188–199, 2018, doi: 10.23887/jptk-undiksha.v15i2.14021.
M. R. Hamzah, Y. Mujiwati, F. A. Zuhriyah, and D. Suryanda, “Kurikulum Merdeka Belajar sebagai Wujud Pendidikan yang Memerdekakan Peserta Didik,” Arus J. Pendidik., vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 221–226, 2022, doi: 10.57250/ajup.v2i3.112.
Susilawati, N. Fajrina, and R. Dwi Pramesti, “Peran Elemen Visual Sebagai Strategi Komunikasi Pemasaran Pada Kemasan Produk,” J. Comput. Sci. Vis. Commun. Des., vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 322–332, 2023, doi: 10.55732/jikdiskomvis.v8i2.903.
J. Sungkono, A. A. Wulandari, and M. W. Syaifuddin, “Visualisasi R Dalam Pembelajaran Distribusi Normal,” WIDYA Didakt. - J. Ilm. Kependidikan, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 71–77, 2023, doi: 10.54840/juwita.v2i1.118.
Elvia Derta, Siska Nerita, and Annika Maizeli, “Validitas E-LKPD Interaktif Berbasis Discovery Learning Pada Materi Keanekaragaman Hayati Untuk Fase E SMA/MA,” DIROSAT J. Educ. Soc. Sci. Humanit., vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 51–57, 2023, doi: 10.58355/dirosat.v1i2.11.
Y. Ahmadi and D. S. Fauziya, “Desain Model Pembelajaran Proyek Berbantuan OBS Studio Pada Mata Kuliah Studi Wacana Berorientasi Profil Pelajar Pancasila,” Semantik, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 101–113, 2023, doi: 10.22460/semantik.v12i1.p101-113.
W. Hadi, E. Prihasti Wuriyani, A. Yuhdi, and R. Agustina, “Desain Pembelajaran Diferensiasi Bermuatan Problem Based Learning (Pbl) Mendukung Critical Thinking Skill Siswa Pada Era Kenormalan Baru Pascapandemi Covid-19,” Basastra, vol. 11, no. 1, p. 56, 2022, doi: 10.24114/bss.v11i1.33852.
M. P. Sari, A. Muttaqiin, R. E. Putri, and R. Oktavia, “Integrating Ethnoscience on Critical-Thinking Oriented Web-Based E-Module of Secondary School Science,” J. Penelit. Pendidik. IPA, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 371–384, 2024, doi: 10.29303/jppipa.v10i1.5928.
M. Meliana, S. Herlina, S. Suripah, and A. Dahlia, “Pengembangan Bahan Ajar E-Modul Matematika Berbantuan Flip Pdf Professional pada Materi Peluang Kelas VIII SMP,” SJME (Supremum J. Math. Educ., vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 43–60, 2022, doi: 10.35706/sjme.v6i1.5712.
F. Meliana, S. Herlina, S. Suripah, and A. Dahlia, “Pengembangan Bahan Ajar E-Modul Matematika Berbantuan Flip Pdf Professional pada Materi Peluang Kelas VIII SMP,” SJME (Supremum J. Math. Educ., vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 43–60, 2022, doi: 10.35706/sjme.v6i1.5712.
C. J. Millera, S. N. Smith, and M. Pugatch, “Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs in Implementation Research,” Int. J. Mol. Sci., vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 1–12, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.06.027.Experimental.
M. S. Hadi and L. Izzah, “Problem Based Learning (PBL) in Teaching English for Students of Primary School Teacher Education Department,” English Lang. Focus, vol. 1, no. 1, p. 45, 2019, doi: 10.24853/elif.1.1.45-54.
C. C.S, Koh, Tsai, and Tan, “Modeling primary school pre-service teachers ‘Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge(TPACK),’” 2011.
H. Crompton et al., “Examining technology use within the ADDIE framework to develop professional training,” Eur. J. Train. Dev., vol. 48, no. 3–4, pp. 422–454, 2024, doi: 10.1108/EJTD-12-2022-0137.
P. Mishra and M. J. Koehler, “Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge: A Framework for Teacher Knowledge,” Teach. Coll. Rec., vol. 108, no. 6, pp. 1017–1054, 2006.
D. Angelina and C. N. Hadyandiono, “Pendampingan Perencanaan Implementasi dan Evaluasi Program Kesehatan Bebas Anemia Remaja Berkarya,” GUYUB J. Community Engagem., vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 499–518, 2024, doi: 10.33650/guyub.v5i2.8581.
S. R. Muzana, S. P. W. Lubis, and W. Wirda, “Penggunaan Simulasi Phet Terhadap Efektifitas Belajar Ipa,” Dedik. Pendidik., vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 227–236, 2021.
F. Azzahra, J. Walidaina, D. Fadhilawati, and N. Sutanti, “The Effectiveness of Baamboozle to Escalate Seventh- Grade Students ’ Vocabulary Learning Outcomes,” J. Pendidik. Ris. Konseptual, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 786–795, 2024, doi: 10.28926/riset_konseptual.v8i4.1019.
A. Fathurohman et al., “Effectiveness of Using the Mobile Learning App for STEM-Based High School Physics Materials as Indonesian Student Learning Resources on Learning Outcomes,” J. Penelit. Pendidik. IPA, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 1018–1023, Mar. 2023, doi: 10.29303/jppipa.v9i3.2991.
Copyright (c) 2026 Tresnane Suandti Sekarani, Hamdi Akhsan, Kistiono Kistiono
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and acknowledge that the Indonesian Journal of Education Research (IJoER) is the first publisher licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges and earlier and greater citation of published work.
.png)
.png)
