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Journal of Social Knowledge Education (JSKE)

an Open Access Journal

Constructing Political Reality in International Crisis: Media Framing of Donald Trump’s 48-Hour Ultimatum on the Iran-US/Israel Conflict

Siti Komala Mutiara
Universitas Muhammadiyah Madiun ROR
Indonesia
Muhammad Armahadi Rahmawan
Universitas Muhammadiyah Madiun ROR
Indonesia
Ferinica Innestesya
Universitas Muhammadiyah Madiun ROR
Indonesia
Anjas Aditya Hartono
Universitas Muhammadiyah Madiun ROR
Indonesia
Malik Ibrahim
Universitas Muhammadiyah Madiun ROR
Indonesia
mi747@ummad.ac.id
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  • Purpose of the study: This study aims to analyze the social construction of political reality regarding the Iran–United States/Israel triadic conflict in Indonesian online journalism, specifically examining how media framing of Donald Trump’s 48-hour ultimatum shapes public risk perception and global moral accountability.

    Methodology: This study employs a descriptive-interpretive qualitative design utilizing Robert N. Entman’s framing analysis model. The data sources comprise representative news articles harvested from diverse Indonesian digital news platforms, including state-owned, market-driven, and independent networks. Data were systematically collected through non-participant observation and purposive digital screening, followed by text categorization based on Entman’s four diagnostic functions: problem definition, causal diagnosis, moral judgment, and treatment recommendation.

    Main Findings: The findings indicate that Indonesian online media generally transformed the military ultimatum into a broader social reality of global economic crisis centered on the Strait of Hormuz. Ideological variations significantly dictated the framing: market-driven platforms simplified crisis causality by placing explicit blame on Iran to amplify economic anxieties, whereas state-owned and independent media maintained institutional neutrality by balancing multi-actor political justifications. These structural variations confirm that media acts as an ideological apparatus that packages moral judgments, heavily governing public empathy and civic consciousness toward foreign crises.

    Novelty/Originality of this study: This study contributes to communication sociology and social science by shifting from static bilateral conflict analysis to a multi-actor geopolitical triad during an acute escalation point. It uncovers the institutional maneuvering of media in a major Muslim-majority nation trapped between global economic dependencies, Islamic solidarity, and diplomatic neutrality, providing a crucial conceptual template for how reality is constructed under crisis-driven temporal constraints.

  • How to cite

    [1]
    S. K. Mutiara, M. A. Rahmawan, A. A. Hartono, and M. Ibrahim, “Constructing Political Reality in International Crisis: Media Framing of Donald Trump’s 48-Hour Ultimatum on the Iran-US/Israel Conflict”, Jo. Soc. Know. Ed, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 432–442, Jul. 2026, doi: 10.37251/jske.v7i4.3258.

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