Validity and Reliability Analysis of Bullying Comprehension Test Instrument Development
Abstract
Purpose of the study: To ensure that the instrument measuring elementary students' bullying comprehension is valid and reliable, so that the data obtained is accurate and trustworthy. This study also aims to validate its content to ensure all measured aspects match the intended construct and are suitable for field trials and further research.
Methodology: Descriptive quantitative is the method used in this study with 28 grade 5 students of SDN Sawojajar 1 as research subjects and an expert validation. The object of this research is a 50-item bullying understanding test instrument. The data obtained were analysed using SPSS with the Pearson Bivariate Correlation technique and Cronbach's Alpha analysis.
Main Findings: This study demonstrates that the developed instrument meets validity and reliability standards, making it effective for measurement purposes. Content validity was verified through expert validation, resulting in a score of 97.5%, which falls into the category of highly valid. The validity of the 50 question items resulted in 28 valid items. The valid items produced a Cronbach's alpha value of 0,919, confirming the reliability and consistency of the instrument.
Novelty/Originality of this study: Developing valid and reliable instruments to measure elementary school students' understanding of bullying, which were previously unavailable in a standardized and empirically tested form. Through validation and reliability testing, this study ensures that the instrument can be used effectively for measurement purposes, thereby improving the accuracy and consistency of the data obtained.
References
S. A. Visty, “Dampak Bullying Terhadap Perilaku Remaja Masa Kini,” Jurnal Intervensi Sosial dan Pembangunan (JISP), vol. 2, 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.30596/jisp.v2i1.3976.
A. Jannah, “Bullying Relasional Pada Siswa Di Sekolah,” Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Surabaya, 2022.
A. Budiman and F. Asriyadi, Perilaku Bullying pada Remaja dan Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhinya, Pertama. Purwokerto: CV. Pena Persada, 2021.
Sekolah Relawan, “Kasus Bullying di Sekolah Meningkat, KPAI Sebut Ada 2.355 Kasus Pelanggaran Perlindungan Anak Selama 2023,” sekolahrelawan.com.
P. Y. A. Dewi, “Perilaku School Bullying Pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar,” Edukasi: Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 39–48, 2020, [Online]. Available: http://jurnal.stahnmpukuturan.ac.id/index.php/edukasi
A. Sukawati, D. L. Abdul Muiz, and N. Ganda, “Fenomena Bullying Berkelompok di Sekolah Dasar,” PEDADIDAKTIKA: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 354–363, 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.17509/pedadidaktika.v8i2.35344.
R. Emi, Syahrial, and V. A. Hardi, “Hubungan Perilaku Bullying Dengan Kemampuan Interaksi Sosial Siswa Kelas V Sd Negeri 37 Pekanbaru,” Indonesian Research Journal on Education: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, vol. 1, no. 1, 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.31004/irje.v1i1.1.
R. Candrawati and A. Setyawan, “Analisis Perilaku Bullying Terhadap Motivasi Belajar Siswa Sekolah Dasar,” PANDU : Jurnal Pendidikan Anak dan Pendidikan Umum, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 64–68, May 2023, doi: 10.59966/pandu.v1i2.127.
D. P. Rahmadanti, “Hubungan Antara Nilai Karakter Empati dengan Perilaku Bullying pada Siswa kelas XI MIPA 1 SMAN 1 Kembang,” Universitas PGRI Semarang, Semarang, 2021.
M. B. Akbar, I. R. Sulistiani, and D. F. Wiyono, “Strategi Pencegahan Tindakan Bullying di Lingkungan SMAN 2 Malang,” VICRATINA: jurnal Pendidikan Islam, vol. 8, no. 5, 2023, [Online]. Available: http://riset.unisma.ac.id/index.php/fai/index
V. Paula, R. Oktarini br Sibuea, K. Lebdawicaksaputri, E. Kasenda, D. Keperawatan, and U. Pelita Harapan, “Edukasi Pencegahan Tindakan Bullying pada Anak Usia Sekolah Dasar,” Jurnal Pustaka Mitra, vol. 2, 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.55382/jurnalpustakamitra.v2i2.204.
A. N. Amalia, Suyono, and R. Arthur, Penyusunan Instrumen Penelitian: Konsep, Teknik, Uji Validitas, Uji Reliabilitas, dan Contoh Instrumen Penelitian, Pertama. Jawa Tengah: PT Nasya Expanding Management, 2023.
S. Arikunto, Prosedur Penelitian: Suatu Pendekatan Praktik, 15th ed. Jakarta: PT Asdi Mahasatya, 2013.
Y. O. Purba, Fadhilaturrahmi, J. Triani Purba, and K. W. A. Siahaan, Teknik Uji Instrumen Penelitian Pendidikan, Pertama. Bandung: Widina Bhakti Persada Bandung, 2021. [Online]. Available: www.penerbitwidina.com
D. Budiastuti and A. Bandur, Validitas Dan Reliabilitas Penelitian. Jakarta: Mitra Wacana Media, 2018.
sugiyono, Metode Penelitian: Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D, Cetakan ke-26. Bandung: ALFABETA cv, 2017.
E. Rosyidah and E. Masykuroh, “Memahami Strategi Dan Mengatasi Tantangan Dalam Penelitian Metode Kuantitatif,” Journal Syntax Idea, vol. 6, no. 6, p. 1247, Jun. 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.46799/syntax-idea.v6i6.3748.
B. Darma, Statistika Penelitian menggunakan SPSS. Jakarta: Guepedia.com, 2021. Accessed: Jul. 02, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://books.google.co.id/books?hl=id&lr=&id=acpLEAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA3&dq=uji+validitas+dan+reliabilitas+software+spss&ots=IZn-UXkoV-&sig=p94RVRh3Zj4eeQ-8MpUpmGwBoPM&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=uji%20validitas%20dan%20reliabilitas%20software%20spss&f=false
N. M. Janna and Herianto, “Konsep Uji Validitas Dan Reliabilitas Dengan Menggunakan SPSS,” OSFPREPINTS, 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/v9j52.
M. F. Ramadhan, R. A. Siroj, and M. W. Afgani, “Validitas and Reliabilitas,” Journal on Education, vol. 06, no. 02, pp. 10967–10975, 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.31004/joe.v6i2.4885.
P. G. Subhaktiyasa, “Evaluasi Validitas dan Reliabilitas Instrumen Penelitian Kuantitatif: Sebuah Studi Pustaka,” Journal of Education Research, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 5599–5609, 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.37985/jer.v5i4.1747.
A. Rohimah, “Hubungan Peran Kelompok Teman Sebaya dengan Perilaku Bullying pada Anak Usia Sekolah di SD Muhammadiyah Mlangi Gamping Sleman Yogyakarta,” Universitas ’aisyiyah, Yogyakarta, 2016. Accessed: Aug. 06, 2025. [Online]. Available: http://digilib.unisayogya.ac.id/id/eprint/2028
N. Ismiati, D. A. A. Putri, E. Y. Sari, U. Bariroh, and I. M. Fitriana, “Pengaruh Verbal Bullying Terhadap Kepercayaan Diri Siswa Sekolah Dasar,” SEMESTA: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan dan Pengajaran, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 54–65, Jul. 2025, doi: 10.70115/semesta.v3i2.218.
D. Suryana, M. A. Putri, M. Supriatna, and E. S. Yudha, “Analisis Rasch Model: Validitas dan Reliabilitas Instrumen Korban Bullying,” Hisbah: Jurnal Bimbingan Konseling dan Dakwah Islam, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 199–214, 2022, doi: 10.14421/hisbah.2022.192-12.
U. Purwana, D. Rusdiana, and W. Liliawati, “Pengujian kemampuan Menginterpretasikan Grafik Kinematika Calon Guru Fisika: The Polytomous Rasch Analysis,” ORBITA: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Ilmu Fisika, vol. 6, no. 2, 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.31764/orbita.v6i2.3264.
U. R. Hijrianti, “Validasi Modul Peduli: Pelatihan Asertivitas Anti-Bullying,” Altruis: Journal of Community Services, vol. 2, no. 3, Sep. 2021, doi: 10.22219/altruis.v2i3.18130.
K. Bariyyah et al., “Validasi Instrumen Illinois Bully Scale (IBS) Untuk Mendeteksi Tingkat Bullying di SMAN 3 Malang,” Education and Social Sciences Review, vol. 5, no. 2, p. 176, Dec. 2024, doi: 10.29210/07essr491600.
A. M. Pratama et al., “Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) untuk validasi instrumen sexual bullying questionarry (SEBUQU),” Jurnal EDUCATIO: Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia, vol. 10, no. 2, p. 258, Dec. 2024, doi: 10.29210/1202424887.
F. Sarie, N. T. Sutaguna, P. Suiraoka, and D. Damanik, Metodologi penelitian, Manullang, Sardjana. Batam: Yayasan Cendikia Mulia Mandiri, 2022.
R. N. Dewi and L. Maknun, “Urgensi Pendidikan Karakter Bagi Anak Usia SD Untuk Mencegah Perilaku Bullying,” Jurnal Pendidikan Guru Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, vol. 2, no. 1, 2023.
Sugiyono, Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D, Ke-10. Bandung: ALFABETA, cv, 2010.
T. E. Wibowo and S. Faizah, “Pengembangan Soal Tes Untuk Mengukur Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Siswa Pada Materi Bentuk Aljabar,” Alifmatika: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran Matematika, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 145–158, Nov. 2021, doi: 10.35316/alifmatika.2021.v3i2.145-158.
B. C. Ngongoloy and M. A. I. Pakereng, “Penerapan Metode Linear Regression dan Correlation Pearson Dalam Menganalisis Pengaruh Kualitas Pembelajaran Online Terhadap Prestasi Akademik,” Progresif: Jurnal Ilmiah Komputer, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 844–857, 2023, doi: 10.35889/progresif.v19i2.1529.
F. D. P. Anggraini, A. Aprianti, V. A. V. Setyawati, and A. A. Hartanto, “Pembelajaran Statistika Menggunakan Software SPSS untuk Uji Validitas dan Reliabilitas,” Jurnal Basicedu, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 6491–6504, May 2022, doi: 10.31004/basicedu.v6i4.3206.
S. Arikunto, Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktik., vol. 283. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta, 2010.
R. Ramadhani and D. Bagus Pratama Putra, “Pengembangan Modul Elektronik Interaktif Berbasis SIGIL Pada Materi Pitagoras Sebagai Penunjang Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh,” Jurnal KOULUTUS: Jurnal Pendidikan Kahuripan, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 140–152, 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.51158/koulutus.v4i2.621.
E. Hutabri, “Validitas Media Pembelajaran Multimedia Pada Mata Pelajaran Simulasi Dan Komunikasi Digital,” Prosiding Seminar Nasional Ilmu Sosial Dan Teknologi (SNISTEK), vol. 4, pp. 296–300, Jan. 2022, Accessed: Aug. 04, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://ejournal.upbatam.ac.id/index.php/prosiding/article/view/5363
A. Maulana, “Analisis Validitas, Reliabilitas, dan Kelayakan Instrumen Penilaian Rasa Percaya Diri Siswa,” Jurnal Kualita Pendidikan, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 2774–2156, 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.51651/jkp.v3i3.331.
M. Iqbal and S. Salsabila, “Validitas dan Reliabilitas Kuesioner Kebiasaan Menonton Mukbang,” Muhammadiyah Journal of Nutrition and Food Science (MJNF), vol. 4, no. 2, p. 102, Nov. 2023, doi: 10.24853/mjnf.4.2.102-109.
I. Isbandiyah and Y. Asmara, “Pelatihan Analisis Data Uji Coba Instrumen dengan Menggunakan Program SPSS Versi 22,” JURNAL CEMERLANG : Pengabdian pada Masyarakat, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 29–37, Dec. 2020, doi: 10.31540/jpm.v3i1.859.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ivon Faridatus Syahroch, Khusnul Khotimah
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and acknowledge that the Journal of Basic Education Research is the first publisher licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges and earlier and greater citation of published work.
.png)
.png)
.png)
