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Journal of Health Innovation and Environmental Education

an Open Access Journal

Mobile Technology Enhanced Diabetes Self-Management Education Improves Self-Efficacy and Glycaemic Control in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes

Armah Tengah
University of Brunei Darussalam ROR
Brunei Darussalam
armah.t@gmail.com
Wan Faizah Wan Yusoff
University of Science Malaysia ROR
Malaysia
Helmi Sajali
Universiti Malaysia Saba
Malaysia
Terasut Sookkumnerd
Suranaree University of Technology ROR
Thailand
Hồ Xuân Vinh
University Ho Chi Minh City
Viet Nam
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  • Purpose of the study: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a mobile technology enhanced diabetes self-management education and support (DSME) programme in improving glycaemic control and diabetes-related self-efficacy among adults with Type 2 diabetes in primary and community health care settings.

    Methodology: A parallel-group randomized controlled trial was conducted in primary and community health care facilities in Temburong District, Brunei Darussalam. Adults with uncontrolled Type 2 diabetes (n = 120) were randomized to a mobile-enhanced DSME intervention or standard care for 3 months. The primary outcome was change in HbA1c; the secondary outcome was diabetes self-efficacy. Analyses followed an intention-to-treat approach using ANCOVA and repeated-measures ANOVA.

    Main Findings: At 3 months, the intervention group demonstrated a significantly greater reduction in HbA1c compared with the control group (adjusted mean difference −0.71%, 95% CI −0.92 to −0.50; p < 0.001; Cohen’s d = 0.89). Mean HbA1c decreased by −1.06% in the intervention group versus −0.33% in the control group. A significant group × time interaction was observed for self-efficacy (F(1,118) = 32.47, p < 0.001), with the intervention group showing a larger increase in self-efficacy scores (+12.3 points) compared to the control group (+3.3 points; Cohen’s d = 0.95). 

    Novelty/Originality of this study: A behaviourally grounded, mobile-enhanced DSME programme produced clinically meaningful metabolic improvement alongside significant gains in self-efficacy. Integrating structured digital self-management support into routine primary care may represent a scalable strategy to strengthen multidisciplinary diabetes management and reduce long-term complication risk.

  • How to cite

    Mobile Technology Enhanced Diabetes Self-Management Education Improves Self-Efficacy and Glycaemic Control in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes. (2025). Journal of Health Innovation and Environmental Education, 2(2), 176-185. https://doi.org/10.37251/jhiee.v2i2.2597

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