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1. J. Li, E. Xue, Y. Wei, and Y. He, “How popularising higher education affects economic growth and poverty alleviation: empirical evidence from 38 countries,” Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, vol. 11, no. 1, 2024, doi: 10.1057/s41599-024-03013-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-024-03013-5
2. J. Liu, K. Jungyin, S. Jaewoo, L. Heechul, and W. U. H. Shah, “Evaluating the efficiency, productivity change, and technology gaps of China’s provincial higher education systems: A comprehensive analytical framework,” PLoS One, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. e0294902, 2024, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294902. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0294902
3. S. Mamanazarov, M. Khajiyeva, D. Abdullaeva, G. Yuldasheva, R. Azkhodjaeva, A. Pirnazarov, and N. Xamedova, “Innovating human capital development: The role of education, law, and economics through digital transformation,” Qubahan Academic Journal, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 78-113, 2025, doi: 10.48161/qaj.v5n3a1698. DOI: https://doi.org/10.48161/qaj.v5n3a1698
4. M. N. Obizue, and S. Enomah, “Human capital development and educational advancement in Nigeria: Realities and way forward,” Int'l Journal of Education Research and Scientific Development, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 15-27, 2025, doi: 10.59795/ijersd.v7i2.213.
5. R. Ananda, W. Putra, and C. Wijaya, “Quality management of kindergarten teaching staff: A multisite study of integrated islamic kindergartens in Aceh,” Journal Evaluation in Education (JEE), vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 1314-1323, 2025, doi: 10.37251/jee.v6i4.2234. DOI: https://doi.org/10.37251/jee.v6i4.2234
6. M. Marzuki, “Human resources analysis based on total quality management in improving management educational process,” Scaffolding: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam dan Multikulturalisme, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 953-967, 2023, doi: 10.37680/scaffolding.v5i1.5125. DOI: https://doi.org/10.37680/scaffolding.v5i1.5125
7. T. Sumual, H. Lumapow, and V. Rotty, “The role of human capital investment in improving the quality of human resources (hr) in education in the digital era,” Asian Journal of Engineering, Social and Health, vol. 3, no. 11, pp. 2520-2528, 2024, doi: 10.46799/ajesh.v3i11.449. DOI: https://doi.org/10.46799/ajesh.v3i11.449
8. A. Akmaluddin, L. K. Kasmini, S. M. Sari, and M. Iqbal, “Human resource management strategy in improving the quality of education,” Jurnal Eduscience, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 553-560, 2025, doi: 10.36987/jes.v12i2.6843. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36987/jes.v12i2.6843
9. M. Mohiuddin, E. Hosseini, S. B. Faradonbeh, and M. Sabokro, “Achieving human resource management sustainability in universities,” International journal of environmental research and public health, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 928, 2022, doi: 10.3390/ijerph19020928. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19020928
10. N. Permatasari, and S. Tandiayuk, “Human resource management in education: Optimizing teacher performance for better learning outcomes,” Golden Ratio of Mapping Idea and Literature Format, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 35-59, 2023, doi: 10.52970/grmilf.v3i1.354. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52970/grmilf.v3i1.354
11. J. Wen, H. Hussain, J. Waheed, W. Ali, and I. Jamil, “Pathway toward environmental sustainability: mediating role of corporate social responsibility in green human resource management practices in small and medium enterprises,” International Journal of Manpower, vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 701-718, 2022, doi: 10.1108/IJM-01-2020-0013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJM-01-2020-0013
12. J. K. Matitaputty, and J. Sopacua, “The effectiveness of the learning cycle 5e learning model in an effort to improve learning outcomes of history,” JIM: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pendidikan Sejarah, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 740-747, 2023, doi: 10.24815/jimps.v8i2.24816.
13. M. S. S. Al Faruq, A. Sunoko, M. A. F. Rozi, and A. Salim, “Enhancing educational quality through principals’ human resources management strategies,” Al-Ishlah: Jurnal Pendidikan, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 1108-1117, 2024, doi: 10.35445/alishlah.v16i2.5042. DOI: https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v16i2.5042
14. A. Ahmad, J. Schneider, D. Griffiths, D. Biedermann, D. Schiffner, W. Greller, and H. Drachsler, “Connecting the dots–A literature review on learning analytics indicators from a learning design perspective,” Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, vol. 40, no. 6, pp. 2432-2470, 2024, doi: 10.1111/jcal.12716. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12716
15. Z. Xu, “AI in education: Enhancing learning experiences and student outcomes,” Applied and Computational Engineering, vol. 51, no. 1, pp. 104-111, 2024, doi: 10.54254/2755-2721/51/20241187. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/51/20241187
16. A. Grájeda, J. Burgos, P. Córdova, and A. Sanjinés, “Assessing student-perceived impact of using artificial intelligence tools: Construction of a synthetic index of application in higher education,” Cogent Education, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 2287917, 2024, doi: 10.1080/2331186X.2023.2287917. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2023.2287917
17. E. Evendi, A. Kusaeri, A. Kusaeri, M. Pardi, L. Sucipto, F. Bayani, and S. Prayogi, “Assessing students' critical thinking skills viewed from cognitive style: study on implementation of problem-based e-learning model in mathematics courses,” Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, vol. 18, no. 7, 2022, doi: 10.29333/ejmste/12161. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/12161
18. J. Singh, L. Singh, and B. Matthees, “Establishing social, cognitive, and teaching presence in online learning—A panacea in COVID-19 pandemic, post vaccine and post pandemic times,” Journal of Educational Technology Systems, vol. 51, no. 1, pp. 28-45, 2022, doi: 10.1177/00472395221095169. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/00472395221095169
19. A. Pandita, and R. Kiran, “The technology interface and student engagement are significant stimuli in sustainable student satisfaction,” Sustainability, vol. 15, no. 10, pp. 7923, 2023, doi: 10.3390/su15107923. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su15107923
20. A. Kozanitis, and L. Nenciovici, “Effect of active learning versus traditional lecturing on the learning achievement of college students in humanities and social sciences: A meta-analysis,” Higher Education, vol. 86, no. 6, pp. 1377-1394, 2023, doi: 10.1007/s10734-022-00977-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-022-00977-8
21. K. Børte, K. Nesje, and S. Lillejord, “Barriers to student active learning in higher education,” Teaching in higher education, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 597-615, 2023, doi: 10.1080/13562517.2020.1839746. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2020.1839746
22. C. Wekerle, M. Daumiller, and I. Kollar, “Using digital technology to promote higher education learning: The importance of different learning activities and their relations to learning outcomes,” Journal of Research on Technology in Education, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 1-17, 2022, doi: 10.1080/15391523.2020.1799455. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15391523.2020.1799455
23. T. Hailikari, V. Virtanen, M. Vesalainen, and L. Postareff, “Student perspectives on how different elements of constructive alignment support active learning,” Active Learning in Higher Education, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 217-231, 2022, doi: 10.1177/1469787421989160. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1469787421989160
24. N. Nurse-Clarke, B. H. Acevedo, M. Tesoro, T. Lundy, M. Clifton, and M. Mathew, “Active learning strategies to enhance student success,” Journal of Nursing Education, vol. 61, no. 3, pp. 167-167, 2022, doi: 10.3928/01484834-20220109-05. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3928/01484834-20220109-05
25. M. Muhajirin, A. Nugraha, R. Irmayanti, A. P. Rahimsyah, and A. L. Anjarika, “Strengthening academic hardiness through self-reflection-based narrative counseling: a single-case research,” Journal Evaluation in Education (JEE), vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 324-337, 2026, doi: 10.37251/jee.v7i1.2464. DOI: https://doi.org/10.37251/jee.v7i1.2464
26. R. Li, A. Lund, and A. Nordsteien, “The link between flipped and active learning: A scoping review,” Teaching in Higher Education, vol. 28, no. 8, pp. 1993-2027, 2023, doi: 10.1080/13562517.2021.1943655. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2021.1943655
27. S. Rahmah, and A. H. Lubis, “Problem posing as a learning model to improve primary school students’ mathematics learning outcomes in Gayo Lues,” Journal of Indonesian Primary School, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 93-104, 2024, doi: 10.62945/jips.v1i4.409. DOI: https://doi.org/10.62945/jips.v1i4.409
28. M. M. Casanovas, N. Ruíz-Munzón, and M. Buil-Fabregá, “Higher education: The best practices for fostering competences for sustainable development through the use of active learning methodologies,” International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 703-727, 2022, doi: 10.1108/IJSHE-03-2021-0082. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSHE-03-2021-0082
29. S. Tolppanen, J. Kang, and L. Riuttanen, “Changes in students’ knowledge, values, worldview, and willingness to take mitigative climate action after attending a course on holistic climate change education,” Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 373, pp. 133865, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.133865. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.133865
30. P. Kumar, J. Sahani, N. Rawat, S. Debele, A. Tiwari, A. P. M. Emygdio, K. V. Abhijith, V. Kukadia, K. Holmes, and S. Pfautsch, “Using empirical science education in schools to improve climate change literacy,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 178, pp. 113232, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2023.113232. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2023.113232
31. D. H. Tong, B. P. Uyen, and L. K. Ngan, “The effectiveness of blended learning on students' academic achievement, self-study skills and learning attitudes: A quasi-experiment study in teaching the conventions for coordinates in the plane,” Heliyon, vol. 8, no. 12, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12657. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12657
32. S. Garces, C. Vieira, G. Ravai, and A. J. Magana, “Engaging students in active exploration of programming worked examples,” Education and Information Technologies, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 2869-2886, 2023, doi: 10.1007/s10639-022-11247-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-022-11247-6
33. J. T. Wong, and B. S. Hughes, “Leveraging learning experience design: Digital media approaches to influence motivational traits that support student learning behaviors in undergraduate online courses,” Journal of Computing in Higher Education, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 595-632, 2023, doi: 10.1007/s12528-022-09342-1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12528-022-09342-1
34. C. A. Flores, D. N. Daran, J. M. D. Aquino, and K. J. J. F. Aranilla, “Innovation of teaching strategies in factors associated with flexible learning of drafting students,” Journal Evaluation in Education (JEE), vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 313-322. https://doi.org/10.37251/jee.v6i2.1451. DOI: https://doi.org/10.37251/jee.v6i2.1451
35. C. J. Hellín, F. Calles-Esteban, A. Valledor, J. Gómez, S. Otón-Tortosa, and A. Tayebi, “Enhancing student motivation and engagement through a gamified learning environment,” Sustainability, vol. 15, no. 19, pp. 14119, 2023, doi: 10.3390/su151914119. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su151914119
36. I. Aldalur, and A. Perez, “Gamification and discovery learning: Motivating and involving students in the learning process,” Heliyon, 9(1), 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13135. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13135
37. A. H. S. Dzaiy, and S. A. Abdullah, “The use of active learning strategies to foster effective teaching in higher education institutions,” Zanco Journal of Human Sciences, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 328-351, 2024, doi: 10.21271/zjhs.28.4.18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21271/zjhs.28.4.18
38. G. J. Kiptiony, “Shifting the paradigm: A critical review of educational approaches for fostering learner well-being,” Journal of Pedagogy and Curriculum (JPC), vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 1-13, 2024, doi: 10.51317/jpc.v3i1.503. DOI: https://doi.org/10.51317/jpc.v3i1.503
39. V. N. Larsari, and H. Abouabdelkader, “An investigation into flipped learning classroom (FLC) of EFL sixth grade students' grammar literacy development: Implications for student-centered approach,” International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 13-24, 2024, doi: 10.7575/aiac.ijels.v.12n.1p.13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijels.v.12n.1p.13
40. S. Wibowo, M. N. Wangid, and F. M. Firdaus, “The relevance of vygotsky's constructivism learning theory with the differentiated learning primary schools,” Journal of education and learning (EduLearn), vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 431-440, 2025, doi: 10.11591/edulearn.v19i1.21197. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11591/edulearn.v19i1.21197
41. M. Giannakos, and M. Cukurova, “The role of learning theory in multimodal learning analytics,” British Journal of Educational Technology, vol. 54, no. 5, pp. 1246-1267, 2023, doi: 10.1111/bjet.13320. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.13320
42. V. Aloizou, A. Ioannou, M. Boloudakis, and S. Retalis, “A learning experience design framework for multimodal learning in the early childhood,” Smart Learning Environments, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 1-17, 2025, doi: 10.1186/s40561-025-00376-3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-025-00376-3
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44. J. Li, and E. Xue, “Dynamic interaction between student learning behaviour and learning environment: Meta-analysis of student engagement and its influencing factors,” Behavioral Sciences, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 59, 2023, doi: 10.3390/bs13010059. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13010059
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46. M. Nadeem, M. Oroszlanyova, and W. Farag, “Effect of digital game-based learning on student engagement and motivation,” Computers, vol. 12, no. 9, pp. 177, 2023, doi: 10.3390/computers12090177. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/computers12090177
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49. A. C. E. Ding, and C. H. Yu, “Serious game-based learning and learning by making games: Types of game-based pedagogies and student gaming hours impact students’ science learning outcomes,” Computers & Education, vol. 128, pp. 105075, 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2024.105075. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2024.105075
50. A. Triyono, R. H. Nuary, N. Permatasari, Y. Yuni, and T. Wibowo, “The level of effectiveness of tps and conventional methods judging from students’ geometry learning results using the N-Gain Test,” AlphaMath: Journal of Mathematics Education, 142-156, 2024, doi: 10.30595/alphamath.v10i1.21530. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30595/alphamath.v10i1.21530
51. H. S. Othman, S. B. Zaibon, and A. H. Z. Abidin, “The significance of edutainment concept in video-based learning in proposing the elements of educational music video for children's learning,” International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies, vol. 16, no. 5, 2022, doi: 10.3991/ijim.v16i05.23711. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v16i05.23711
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