Teachers’ Educational Interventions in Addressing Bullying Behavior Among Students in Public Elementary Schools in Pulubala Subdistrict, Gorontalo Regency
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37251/jber.v7i3.3097Keywords:
Character Education, Elementary School Bullying, Inclusive Learning Environment, Teacher Intervention, The Role of TeachersAbstract
Purpose of the study: This study aims to analyze classroom teachers’ interventions in preventing and addressing bullying behavior among elementary school students, as well as to identify factors influencing the effectiveness of these interventions in creating a safe and inclusive learning environment.
Methodology: A qualitative approach using a case study design, purposive sampling technique, and data sources: school principals, fifth-grade teachers, and students at SDN in Pulubala District. Data collection was conducted through semi-structured interviews, observations, and document analysis. Data analysis utilized the Miles and Huberman interactive model (data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions), as well as triangulation of sources, techniques, and time.
Main Findings: Teacher interventions were implemented through three primary forms: as an advisor, role model, and integrated facilitator. The effectiveness of interventions was determined by factors including the emotional bond between teachers and students, interpersonal communication skills, the integrity and consistency of teachers’ behavior, as well as school environment support and parental involvement. Verbal bullying was the most dominant form, while collaborative approaches and inclusive learning proved effective in reducing bullying behavior
Novelty/Originality of this study: This study offers an integrative teacher intervention model based on local empirical data by combining the roles of advisor, role model, and facilitator. This study reinforces a contextual approach in bridging the gap between normative character education and actual bullying prevention practices in elementary schools
References
[1] S. F. Daley, M. Waseem, A. B. Nickerson, Identifying and Addressing Bullying. Statpearls Publishing; 2023.
[2] Fidela A, Malona R, Evelin G, Pulalo M, Fransiska I, Supriyono. "Reflections on the principles of humanity and social justice: A narrative exploration of the experiences of injustice of students who are victims of bullying and the role of schools." J Pendidik Tambusai, vol. 9 no. 4, pp. 164–171, 2025.
[3] D. P. Dea, S. Damayanti, F. Handayani, Y. Ramahwati, C. Ad Cahyani, and M. H. Tilova, “Peranan psikologi pendidikan untuk pencegahan perundungan siswa sekolah dasar,” Couns J Bimbing Konseling Pendidik Islam, vol. 4, pp. 1–10, 2023, doi: 10.31943/counselia.v4i1.60.
[4] R. E. Maunder and S. Crafter, “School bullying from a sociocultural perspective,” Aggress Violent Behav, vol. 38, pp. 13–20, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.avb.2017.10.010.
[5] Z. Moody and T. Stahel, “School bullying: Children and adolescent norms, cultures and identity development,” 2025, doi: 10.3389/feduc.2025.1497681.
[6] M. Karina, L. Judijanto, A. Rukmini, M. S. Fauzi, and M. Arsyad, “Pengaruh interaksi sosial terhadap prestasi akademik: Tinjauan literatur pada pembelajaran kolaboratif,” Innov J Soc Sci Res, vol. 4, pp. 34–6344, 2024, doi: 10.31004/innovative.v4i5.15351.
[7] C. Priyanto, “Bullying di lingkungan sekolah: Dampaknya terhadap kesehatan mental dan prestasi siswa,” JIPDAS J Ilm Pendidik Dasar, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 107–112, 2025, doi: 10.65946/y2at2452.
[8] Sunanih, A. Nurhaliza, A. Shakila, D. N. Ulpah, D. Rahmaldi, and D. N. Farida, “Analisis pengaruh perilaku bullying terhadap prestasi akademik siswa di sekolah dasar,” Dewantara J Pendidik Sos Hum, vol. 4, 2025, doi: 10.30640/dewantara.v4i1.3767
[9] F. Abdillah, “Dampak bullying di sekolah dasar dan pencegahannya,” Educ J Pendidik Dan Kesehat Lemb, pp. 102–108, 2024, doi: 10.70437/jedu.v2i1.19.
[10] F. Rahman, M. Ichsan, M. Moulana, and Zulfadli, “Dampak bullying terhadap psikologi, fisik, dan sosial pada siswa sekolah dasar,” Adv Educ J, 2025, doi: 10.30633/jkms.v10i1.317
[11] A. Inoue and R. Tanaka, “The effects of school bullying victimization on cognitive, school engagement, and friendship outcomes,” Japan World Econ, vol. 77, p. 101342, 2026, doi: 10.1016/j.japwor.2025.101342.
[12] Y. A. Probosambodo, J. P. Setiodjati, A. Ayu, and K. Hamidi, “Pendampingan anti-bullying di lembaga pendidikan ilmu terapan (LPIT) Peha sebagai implementasi tujuan 4 sustainable development goals (SDGs),” J Pengabdi Masy Bangsa, vol. 3, pp. 5883–5889, 2025, doi: 10.59837/jpmba.v3i10.3663.
[13] N. A. Damayanti, M. Yunus, K. T. Putri, A. A. P. Oskandar, and M. Gustina, “Dampak bullying verbal berbasis multikultural terhadap siswa di sekolah dasar,” Didakt J Ilm Pgsd FKIP Univ Mandiri, vol. 11, pp. 268–277, 2025, doi: 10.36989/didaktik.v11i02.6518.
[14] F. A. Sofyana, C. A. Wulandari, L. C. Liza, L. Purnamad, R. Wulandarie, and N. Maharani, “Bentuk bullying dan cara mengatasi masalah bullying di sekolah dasar,” J Multidisipliner Kapalamada, vol. 1, pp. 496–504, 2022, doi: 10.62668/kapalamada.v1i04.400
[15] Y. Arif and D. Novrianda, “Perilaku bullying fisik dan lokasi kejadian pada siswa sekolah dasar,” J Kesehat Med Saintika, vol. 10, pp. 135–143, 2019, doi: 10.30633/jkms.v10i1.317.
[16] A. F. Bunta, M. A. Wicaksono, and S. J. Dotutinggi, “Dynamics of forming multicultural awareness of students at SMKN 5 Gorontalo,” J English Lang Educ, vol. 11, pp. 390–396, 2026, doi: 10.31004/jele.v11i2.2166.
[17] D. Ardiansyah et al., “Peran pendidikan kewarganegaraan (PKn) dalam upaya pencegahan perilaku bullying di kalangan siswa SMA,” J Pendidik Tambusai, vol. 9, pp. 30392–30397, 2025, doi: 10.31004/jptam.v9i3.31985.
[18] N. A. Napitupulu, “Peran pendidikan karakter dalam mencegah bullying di kalangan remaja,” J Golden Gener Educ, vol. 2, pp. 384–389, 2026, doi: 10.65244/jgge.v2i1.243.
[19] M. Cahyani, M. Kiptiah, and Alex, “Upaya pencegahan bullying melalui pendidikan karakter di SMA Negeri 2 Banjarbaru,” Khatulistiwa J Pendidik Dan Sos Hum, vol. 6, pp. 669–682, 2026, doi: 10.55606/khatulistiwa.v6i2.11074.
[20] M. M. Kondi, A. Agung, I. Dewi, A. Utami, and N. Asri, “Implementasi nilai-nilai Pancasila pada siswa kelas X A SMA Negeri 1 Sukasada,” Ganesha Civ Educ J, vol. 8, pp. 94–104, 2026, doi: 10.23887/gancej.v8i1.7087.
[21] R. Tauhid, “Implementation of character education in civics learning for grade V students at SD Negeri 36 Kota Ternate,” J Pendidikan dan Ekonomi, vol. 6, pp. 227–232, 2025, doi: 10.5281/zenodo.15671224..
[22] A. N. Putri and N. Mahmudah, “The role of professional teachers in shaping student character at MI Roudlotul Banat,” Mesada J Innov Res, vol. 2, pp. 1240–1245, 2025, doi: 10.61253/bvzq3n88.
[23] Firmansyah Fa. Peran Guru Dalam Penanganan Dan Pencegahan Bullying Di Tingkat Sekolah Dasar. J Al Husna 2021;2:205–16. Https://Doi.Org/10.18592/Jah.V2vi3i.5590.
[24] E. E. Saputra, “The role of teachers in preventing bullying cases in elementary schools,” J Humanities Soc Sci Educ, vol. 1, pp. 69–78, 2025, doi: 10.64690/jhuse.v1i2.35.
[25] F. P. Afriyani, L. U. Maulida, and N. Mubin, “The role of teachers in creating an inclusive learning environment in multicultural education,” J Penelitian Pendidikan Indonesia, vol. 2, pp. 344–347, 2025, doi: 10.62017/jppi.v2i2.3245.
[26] N. Nurmailis, N. Hermita, and M. J. A. Putra, “Analysis of verbal bullying forms in upper-grade students and teacher handling strategies at SD Negeri 68 Pekanbaru,” Didakt J Ilm Pgsd FKIP Univ Mandiri, vol. 11, pp. 415–428, 2025.
[27] D. Olweus, “School bullying: Development and some important challenges,” Annu Rev Clin Psychol, vol. 9, pp. 751–780, 2013, doi: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185516.
[28] A. F. Nafis, P. C. Putri, H. E. Pratiwi, and Darmansyah, “Analysis of school policies on bullying prevention,” Tekno Aulama J Teknologi Pendidikan Islam, vol. 2, pp. 13–22, 2025, doi: 10.53888/teknoaulama.
[29] Sugiyono, Metode Penelitian dan Pengembangan (Research and Development/R&D). Bandung, Indonesia: Alf, 2016.
[30] M. W. Ilhami, W. V. Nurfajriani, A. Mahendra, R. A. Sirodj, and M. W. Afgani, “Application of case study methods in qualitative research,” J Ilm Wahana Pendidikan, vol. 10, pp. 462–469, 2024, doi: 10.5281/zenodo.11180129.
[31] M. B. Miles and A. M. Huberman, Analisis Data Kualitatif: Buku Sumber Tentang Metode-Metode Baru. Jakarta, Indonesia: UI Press, 1992.
[32] I. Paluvi and M. Nukman, “Teacher strategies in the digital era in building students’ polite character in grade V at SDN 115 Pekanbaru,” Cetta: Jurnal Pendidikan, vol. 8, pp. 340–356, 2025, doi: 10.37329/cetta.v8i4.4766.
[33] F. Ibda, “Moral development in the view of Lawrence Kohlberg,” Intelektualita, vol. 12, pp. 62–77, 2023, doi: 10.22373/ji.v12i1.19256.
[34] W. Manik, “Teacher ethics in facing students’ moral crisis in the digital age,” Juperan J Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran, vol. 4, 2025, doi: 10.30998/sap.v8i2.17019.
[35] I. Alonso-Rodríguez, D. Pérez-Jorge, I. Pérez-Pérez, and E. Olmos-Raya, “Restorative practices in reducing school violence: A systematic review of positive impacts on emotional wellbeing,” Front Educ, 2025, doi: 10.3389/feduc.2025.1520137.
[36] N. Zegarra-Salazar, J. Mendez-Vergaray, and E. Flores, “School restorative justice, restorative discipline rather than punishment: A systematic review,” Int J Eval Res Educ, vol. 13, pp. 1775–1784, 2024, doi: 10.11591/ijere.v13i3.25485.
[37] WY. E. Waanga, J. P. Konay, F. Pairikas, J. Leobisad, and Y. A. Saingo, “From victim to survivor: School efforts to address physical bullying through an empathetic approach,” J Ilmu Psikologi dan Kesehatan, vol. 2, pp. 35–44, 2025.
[38] D. Maharani, P. Sari, W. Utami, A. J. Nurfalaq, and K. Harguntoro, “Hidden curriculum in character development dimensions to overcome moral degradation in schools,” SAP (Susunan Artikel Pendidikan), vol. 8, pp. 313–321, 2023, doi: 10.30998/sap.v8i2.17019.
[39] D. Winarti and F. K. Rusdiana, “Self-esteem as a mediator in the relationship between social support and bullying among vocational students,” J Psikologi Univ Yudharta Pasuruan, vol. 12, pp. 410–424, 2025, doi: 10.35891/jip.v12i2.6613.
[40] D. Sidabutar, K. Lumbantobing, Y. G. Siallagan, and H. Turnip, “The influence of teacher social support on students’ psychological well-being,” Pediaqu J Pendidikan Sosial dan Humaniora, vol. 3, pp. 5353–5360, 2024.
[41] J. D. Safitri and Suharjuddin, “The role of teachers in handling bullying behavior in child-friendly schools of grade III students at SDN Bahagia 05,” Cjpe Cokroaminoto J Primary Educ, vol. 9, pp. 212–222, 2026, doi: 10.30605/cjpe.9.1.2026.8108.
[42] I. R. Wardani, M. Immama, P. Zuani, and N. Kholis, “Lev Vygotsky’s cognitive development learning theory and its implications in learning,” Dimar J Pendidikan Islam, vol. 4, 2023, doi: 10.58577/dimar.v4i2.92.
[43] M. S. Nugraha and L. R. Nurhasanah, “Learning strategy model for integrating Islamic values in early childhood education,” Bimbi J Pendidikan Islam Anak Usia Dini, vol. 1, pp. 56–63, 2025.
[44] M. Chen and Y.-H. Shih, “The implications of Nel Noddings’ ethics of care for fostering teacher-student relationships in higher education,” Front Educ, 2025, pp. 1–7, doi: 10.3389/feduc.2025.1602786.
[45] N. Habibi and M. Sholikha, “Contextualization of Bourdieu’s theory in character formation of santri at Pondok Pesantren Darul Falah Amtsilati,” Dimar J Pendidikan Islam, vol. 6, 2025, doi: 10.58577/dimar.v6i2.397.
[46] A. L. Ababil and F. Trifauzi, “Teacher efforts in shaping polite behavior,” Awwaliyah J PGMI, vol. 7, 2024.
[47] A. D. Maulana and D. Nastiti, “The relationship between bullying and students’ social relations at SMP PGRI 7 Sedati,” J Mahasiswa BK An-Nur, vol. 11, pp. 1–6, 2025, doi: 10.31602/jmbkan.v11i3.16092.
[48] H N. Huda, “Teaching with empathy: The key to improving students’ psychological well-being,” Ta’liman Lit J Pendidikan Guru Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, vol. 1, pp. 72–81, 2025.
[49] N. Azzahrah, “Empathy-based character education as a teacher strategy in tackling bullying in elementary schools,” JTEM J Technology Education Management, vol. 20, pp. 37–46, 2025.
[50] D. Maryam et al., “Application of humanistic approach in classroom management to improve elementary students’ social interaction,” J Pendidik Tambusai, vol. 9, pp. 27441–27447, 2025, doi: 10.31004/jptam.v9i2.31283.
[51] Y. D. Damayanti, Educational Psychology: Understanding Learning, Development, and Student Intelligence. Central Java, Indonesia: Tahta Media Group, 2026.
[52] F. P. Anggraini, V. Selamata, A. Rizky, and S. Safitri, “Humanistic approach in social studies learning: Humanizing students in the educational process,” Sos J Ilm Pendidikan IPS, vol. 3, pp. 201–216, 2025, doi: 10.62383/sosial.v3i2.790.
[53] I. Ali, “Cooperative learning in Islamic religious education teaching,” J Mubtadiin, vol. 7, pp. 247–264, 2021.
[54] C. Z. L. Parisu, “Effective bullying prevention strategies in elementary schools through character education approach,” J Kajian Pendidikan dan Cakrawala Pembelajaran, vol. 1, pp. 36–45, 2025, doi: 10.64690/jakap.v1i1.4.
[55] N. Dinar et al., “The effect of collaborative learning model on improving students’ social skills in science and social studies subjects at grade III SDN Mangli 01 Jember,” JPIM J Penelitian Ilmiah Multidisipliner, vol. 2, pp. 2182–2188, 2025.
[56] E. E. M. Utubira and V. Lakoruhut, “Dialogical learning strategy in Paulo Freire’s perspective as a foundation of quality education,” J Kajian Pembelajaran dan Keilmuan, vol. 10, pp. 64–76, 2026, doi: 10.26418/jurnalkpk.v10i1.105930.
[57] H. Lisa and A. Irma, “The role of teacher interpersonal communication in building closeness with students at IT Mutiara Ilmu School,” Arini J Ilm dan Karya Inov Guru, vol. 2, pp. 367–385, 2025, doi: 10.71153/arini.v2i2.444.
[58] R. N. Ardiani, B. M. Aritonang, and M. I. Alif, “Interpersonal communication strategies in building relationships with students at SDN Kartika Sejahtera 02,” Harmon J Ilmu Komunikasi dan Sosial, vol. 3, pp. 104–112, 2025, doi: 10.59581/harmoni-widyakarya.v3i3.5586.
[59] A. Akbar et al., “Teacher exemplary role as a model in developing student integrity in elementary school: A phenomenological study,” J Syntax Imperatif, vol. 6, pp. 1552–1559, 2026, doi: 10.54543/syntaximperatif.v6i6.948.
[60] M. N. Abdullah and Lasri, “The influence of school environment on student character formation at SD Rumah Sekolah Cendekia Makassar,” J Pendidikan Sains dan Komputer, vol. 4, pp. 101–109, 2024, doi: 10.47709/jpsk.v4i02.5032.
[61] N. F. M. Kanza, S. Muthohar, and Mursid, “Teacher strategies in fostering empathy and cooperation in early childhood,” Aulad J Early Childhood, vol. 8, pp. 615–625, 2025, doi: 10.31004/aulad.v8i2.891.
[62] M. N. Hikam Al and N. Khasanah, “Family and school collaboration in child character formation: A sociological education perspective analysis,” Al-Ilmiya J Pendidikan Islam, vol. 1, pp. 450–455, 2025.
[63] A. M. Harpen et al., “Teacher professionalism in building educational ethics in the modern era,” J Pendidikan Islam Muta’allimin, vol. 2, pp. 20–28, 2024, doi: 10.25299/jpim.2024.27551.
[64] D. Irama, Sutarto, and S. Risal, “Application of Albert Bandura’s social learning theory in Islamic education learning,” J Literasiologi, vol. 12, pp. 129–139, 2024, doi: 10.47783/literasiologi.v12i4.819.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Riyon Bouti, Sastro M. Wantu, Ramli Mahmud
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and acknowledge that the Journal of Basic Education Research is the first publisher licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges and earlier and greater citation of published work.
.png)
.png)
.png)
