The Power of Visual Learning: Audio-Visual Health Education to Combat Stunting in Toddlers
Abstract
Purpose of the study: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of health education using audio-visual media on mothers' knowledge about stunting in toddlers.
Methodology: The research was quantitative, using a pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The sample consisted of 34 mothers with toddlers in Sitardas Village.
Main Findings: The results of the study showed that the average score of mothers' knowledge about stunting before health education using audio-visual media was 6.12 and after health education using audio-visual media, there was an increase in knowledge of 9.18. Based on analysis using the Wilcoxon test, a p-value of 0.000 was obtained, which means there is an effect of health education using audio-visual media on mothers' knowledge about stunting in toddlers.
Novelty/Originality of this study: This research is novel in that it examines the effectiveness of audiovisual media in health education for mothers regarding stunting in toddlers. The use of interactive media provides a more engaging and understandable approach, potentially significantly increasing mothers' knowledge and becoming a more effective educational strategy at the community level.
References
S. Vyas, “A Systematic Review on Nutritional Vulnerability and Opportunity during the First 1000 Days of Life for Ensuring Better Human Capital,” Indian J. Sci. Technol., vol. 14, no. 31, pp. 2511–2516, 2021, doi: 10.17485/ijst/v14i30.1253.
A. Soliman et al., “Early and long-term consequences of nutritional stunting: From childhood to adulthood,” Acta Biomed., vol. 92, no. 1, pp. 1–12, 2021, doi: 10.23750/abm.v92i1.11346.
M. J. Nyarko, W. ten Ham-Baloyi, and D. (R M. ). van Rooyen, “Qualitative Exploration of Health Professionals’ Perceptions of Addressing Malnutrition Within the First 1,000 Days,” J. Nutr. Educ. Behav., vol. 56, no. 7, pp. 442–451, 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.jneb.2024.03.010.
C. R. Montenegro et al., “The pediatric global burden of stunting: Focus on Latin America,” Lifestyle Med., vol. 3, no. 3, Jul. 2022, doi: 10.1002/lim2.67.
R. R. Akbar, W. Kartika, and M. Khairunnisa, “The Effect of Stunting on Child Growth and Development,” Sci. J., vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 153–160, 2023, doi: 10.56260/sciena.v2i4.118.
C. Scheffler and M. Hermanussen, “Stunting is the natural condition of human height,” Am. J. Hum. Biol., vol. 34, no. 5, pp. 1–13, 2022, doi: 10.1002/ajhb.23693.
E. B. Schneider, “The determinants of child stunting and shifts in the growth pattern of children: A long-run, global review,” J. Econ. Surv., vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 405–452, 2025, doi: 10.1111/joes.12591.
V. Y. Lameky, “Stunting in Indonesia: Current progress and future directions,” J. Healthc. Adm., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 82–90, 2024, doi: 10.33546/joha.3388.
M. Melisa, K. Kasmawati, S. A. F. P. Sitompul, M. Monalisa, R. Monalisa, and M. N. Novianti, “The Government Policy for Stunting Countermeasure Strategy in Indonesia be preparing for Golden Generation 2045,” Sch. Int. J. Law, Crime Justice, vol. 5, no. 12, pp. 554–563, 2022, doi: 10.36348/sijlcj.2022.v05i12.006.
W. Achmad, “Social Reality Stunting Prevention in Cianjur District,” J. EduHealth, vol. 13, no. 02, pp. 467–477, 2022.
Rojali, A. Sumanri, M. Mansoer, and U. A. Matin, “Exploring the Influence of Religious Institutions on the Implementation of Technology for Stunting Understanding,” APTISI Trans. Technopreneursh., vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 1–12, 2024, doi: 10.34306/att.v6i1.373.
M. S. Noor et al., “Analysis of Socioeconomic, Utilization of Maternal Health Services, and Toddler’s Characteristics as Stunting Risk Factors,” Nutrients, vol. 14, no. 20, pp. 1–12, 2022, doi: 10.3390/nu14204373.
A. Hurun et al., “Determinants of Stunting Risk Factors for Toddlers Aged 6–36 Months in the Malang Regency, Indonesia,” African J. Food, Agric. Nutr. Dev., vol. 24, no. 11, pp. 24912–24930, 2024, doi: 10.18697/AJFAND.136.24575.
M. F. Ramadhan, H. Dimiati, H. Hidayaturrahmi, and R. Indah, “The Correlation between Stunting, Maternal Knowledge, and Nutritional Care in Aceh, Indonesia,” Amerta Nutr., vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 513–518, 2024, doi: 10.20473/amnt.v8i4.2024.513-518.
N. Abri, “Identification of Socio-Demographic Factors with the Incidence of Stunting in Elementary School Children in Rural Enrekang,” J. Heal. Nutr. Res., vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 88–94, 2022, doi: 10.56303/jhnresearch.v1i1.20.
Z. Marita, G. Y. Okinarum, M. H. Huda, and L. K. Dwihestie, “Analysis of Stunting Incidents Based on Mother’s Knowledge,” Int. J. Nurs. Inf., vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 1–6, 2023, doi: 10.58418/ijni.v2i2.54.
G. M. Sari, “Early Stunting Detection Education as an Effort to Increase Mother’s Knowledge about Stunting Prevention,” Folia Medica Indones., vol. 57, no. 1, p. 70, 2021, doi: 10.20473/fmi.v57i1.23388.
R. Elfeshawy, F. Ahmed El Sobky, S. Abdallah Mohamed Amer, and S. Hussin Ali Alzahrani., “The effect of Mothers’ Nutritional education based on health belief model to prevent stunting among young children,” Egypt. J. Heal. Care, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 886–895, 2022, doi: 10.21608/ejhc.2022.236596.
K. A. H. Achjar, N. K. Marni, A. S. Lestari, and I. N. Ribek, “Health Education with Leaflet Media on the Level of Knowledge of Mother’s about Toddler Rearing Partners in Stunting Prevention,” J. Educ. Res. Eval., vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 197–203, 2023, doi: 10.23887/jere.v7i2.61560.
F. Tuma, “The use of educational technology for interactive teaching in lectures,” Ann. Med. Surg., vol. 62, no. December 2020, pp. 231–235, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.amsu.2021.01.051.
M. Sallam, N. A. Salim, M. Barakat, and A. Al-Tammemi, “ChatGPT applications in medical, dental, pharmacy, and public health education: A descriptive study highlighting the advantages and limitations,” Narra J Cerebellum, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 1–14, 2023, doi: 10.52225/narra.v3i3.255.
F. Nurhayati, “Science Midwifery The effect of health education through audio-visual media on improving knowledge about breast milk management among working breastfeeding mothers in the working area of the community health centre (puskesmas) Leuwigajah City Cimahi 2023,” Sci. Midwifery, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 2721–9453, 2024.
I. Mariana, “Development of Animated Video-Based Interactive Media As Learning Media In Introduction to Reproductive Health,” J. Asian Stud. Cult. Lang. Art Commun., vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 23–37, 2024.
F. B. Rahayuningsih and B. Kristinawati, “The Effectiveness of Audiovisual Media and Leaflets in Enhancing Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Pregnancy Services.,” J. Pendidik. KEPERAWATAN Indones., vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 193–208, 2023, doi: 10.17509/jpki.v9i2.68250.
N. D. Yuliasih, P. Sari, A. D. Bestari, N. Martini, and B. Sujatmiko, “Does Health Education Through Videos and E-Leaflet Have a Good Influence on Improving Students’ Reproductive Health Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices? an Intervention Study in Jatinangor, Indonesia,” Adv. Med. Educ. Pract., vol. 16, pp. 29–39, 2025, doi: 10.2147/AMEP.S487338.
N. Hakimah, “Assessing the Impact of Project-Based Learning on Students’ Writing Skills: A Pre-Experimental Study,” Acitya J. Teach. Educ., vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 434–448, 2023, doi: 10.30650/ajte.v5i2.3723.
A. Noviyanti, Nunung Anugrawati, and A. Azis, “the Use of Theme-Based Teaching To Improve the Students’ Writing Skills in Smkn 5 Selayar,” English Lang. Teach. Methodol., vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 185–192, 2023, doi: 10.56983/eltm.v3i2.426.
B. Azzahra, S. Usman, A. Patmasari, and Jamiluddin, “Enhancing Junior High School Students’ Procedural Writing through Picture Series: A Pre-Experimental Study,” J. Gen. Educ. Humanit., vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 621–634, 2025, doi: 10.58421/gehu.v4i2.456.
T. S. Nadapdap, E. Thesalonika, and R. P. Napitupulu, “The Influence of Smart Box Learning Media on Students’ Social Studies Learning Outcomes in Class IV State Elementary School 091273 Karang Bangun,” MSJ Major. Sci. J., vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 18–27, 2025, doi: 10.61942/msj.v3i2.325.
M. M. Willie, “Population and Target Population in Research Methodology,” Golden Ratio Soc. Sci. Educ., vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 75–79, 2024.
M. M. Mamesah and H. Wijaya, “Effect of health education with audio-visual media as covid-19 prevention on handwashing behaviour in school age children,” Lux Mensana, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 97–106, 2022.
A. Cahyarani, S. Solikhah, and S. N. Djannah, “Effectiveness of Audio-visual Education through Digital Media Platforms Regarding Quality of Life Amongst Breast Cancer Person,” J. Promosi Kesehat. Indones., vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 24–41, 2023, doi: 10.14710/jpki.19.1.24-41.
S. Kwak, “Are Only p-Values Less Than 0.05 Significant? A p-Value Greater Than 0.05 Is Also Significant!,” J. Lipid Atheroscler., vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 89–95, 2023, doi: 10.12997/jla.2023.12.2.89.
W. I. Maskoep et al., “The Impact of Palliative Care on Quality of Life and Cortisol Levels in HIV/AIDS Patients with Anxiety,” Acta Med. Indones., vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 212–221, 2025.
R. Alviani, B. Purwandari, I. Eitiveni, and M. Purwaningsih, “Factors Affecting Adoption of Telemedicine for Virtual Healthcare Services in Indonesia,” J. Inf. Syst. Eng. Bus. Intell., vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 47–69, 2023, doi: 10.20473/jisebi.9.1.47-69.
C. Jacob, E. Sezgin, A. Sanchez-Vazquez, and C. Ivory, “Sociotechnical Factors Affecting Patients’ Adoption of Mobile Health Tools: Systematic Literature Review and Narrative Synthesis,” JMIR mHealth uHealth, vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 1–27, 2022, doi: 10.2196/36284.
F. Fakhriyah, M. Bakhriansyah, M. S. Noor, and A. O. Putri, “Influence of Education Using Virtual Audiovisual Media on Pregnant Women’s Knowledge About Covid 19 Prevention,” J. Ilmu Kesehat. Masy., vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 73–84, 2022, doi: 10.26553/jikm.2022.13.1.73-84.
S. N. Safitri, A. Abbasiah, and E. Veriza, “Transformation of health education through audiovisual media: its impact on family knowledge in supporting exclusive breastfeeding,” in 5th International Conference of Health Polytechnic of Jambi 2025, 2025, pp. 82–90.
M. B. Hossain et al., “Health Belief Model, Theory of Planned Behavior, or Psychological Antecedents: What Predicts COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Better Among the Bangladeshi Adults?,” Front. Public Heal., vol. 9, no. August, pp. 1–10, 2021, doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.711066.
L. M. Tsai and Y. H. Yan, “A preliminary study on applying holistic health care model on medical education behavioral intention: a theoretical perspective of planned behavior,” BMC Med. Educ., vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 1–7, 2021, doi: 10.1186/s12909-021-02746-0.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sopia Nur Saindah
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and acknowledge that the Journal of Health Innovation and Environmental Education is the first publisher licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges and earlier and greater citation of published work.
.png)
.png)
