Journal of Chemical Learning Innovation (JoCLI) is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that publishes original research articles, review papers, and short communications in the fields of Applied Chemistry, Chemical Education, and Chemical Engineering. The journal serves as a platform for researchers, academics, teachers, practitioners, and students to disseminate scientific findings, innovative ideas, and best practices that contribute to the advancement of chemistry and chemistry education at both national and international levels. The journal welcomes high-quality manuscripts covering a broad range of topics in Applied Chemistry, including spectroscopy and other theoretical and applied chemistry studies. In the field of Chemical Education, JoCLI publishes research related to chemistry learning strategies and methods, learning media and technology, assessment and evaluation, teacher professional development, character education and ethics in chemistry learning, ethnochemistry, as well as studies associated with international educational trends such as TIMSS. The journal also accepts contributions in Chemical Engineering, particularly those focusing on chemical health and safety, filtration and separation processes, and other relevant engineering applications. Through the publication of innovative and impactful research, JoCLI aims to foster scientific development, improve chemistry learning practices, and support sustainable progress in education and industry within a global context.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms: Authors retain copyright and acknowledge that the Journal of Chemical Learning Innovation is the first publisher licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges and earlier and greater citation of published work.
Optimization of Solid Phase Extraction Using Chelating Disk for Cr(III) and Fe(III) Concentration in Water Samples by ICP-AES Analysis
Purpose of the study: This study aims to optimize the solid phase extraction method using a chelating disk for the concentration of Cr(III) and Fe(III) metals in water samples, determine the optimum concentration conditions, evaluate the percent recovery, and examine the effect of the presence of alkali and alkaline earth metal matrices on the effectiveness of separation and analysis using ICP-AES. Methodology: The study used an experimental method with solid-phase extraction based on 3M Empore Chelating Disk chelating disks, Varian 720 ES ICP-AES instrument analysis, Eppendorf micropipettes, InoLab pH meters, and OHAUS analytical balances. Standard chemicals from Merck were used for solution preparation. The stages included sample preparation, pH optimization and HNO3 concentration, recovery test, RAL statistical analysis, F test, and BNT test. Main Findings: The optimum concentration condition was obtained at pH 5.5 with HNO3 concentration of 2 M. The recovery percentage of Cr(III) reached 98.9% and Fe(III) was 99.1%. The concentration test showed a recovery of 97–100% at various concentrations and sample volumes. In the matrix test, the recovery of Cr(III) and Fe(III) was 99.0% and 99.6%, respectively, while alkali and alkaline earth ions showed low recovery so they did not interfere with the adsorption process of the target metal. Novelty/Originality of this study: This research provides new insights into the selectivity of chelating disks under complex matrix conditions and expands the application of solid-phase extraction for more efficient and accurate ICP-AES-based trace metal analysis.
Copyright (c) 2026 Anandieka Maya Talitha, Zainab El-Dahshan, Abd-El Aal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Learning Cycle 7E-Based Chemistry Learning: Its Impact on Grade X Students’ Achievement and Motivation
Purpose of the study: This study aims to determine the effect of implementing the Learning Cycle 7E learning model on student learning outcomes and motivation in chemistry learning for class X, especially on the material of electrolyte and non-electrolyte solutions, and to compare its effectiveness with conventional learning models applied in schools. Methodology: The study used a quasi-experimental method with a posttest control group design. Samples were taken using a saturated sampling technique on grade X students of State Senior High School 1 Brang Rea. The research instruments included a learning motivation questionnaire and a learning outcome test on electrolyte-nonelectrolyte solutions. Data analysis used the Lilliefors, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney normality tests, and IBM SPSS Statistics 22.0 software. Main Findings: The results of the study showed that the Learning Cycle 7E learning model did not have a significant effect on students' chemistry learning outcomes (sig. 0.392 > 0.05) or student learning motivation (sig. 0.386 > 0.05). Multivariately, the application of this model also did not show better effectiveness than conventional learning in improving the learning outcomes and motivation of class X students. Novelty/Originality of this study: The novelty of this research lies in the simultaneous analysis of the influence of the 7E Learning Cycle model on two important variables, namely the learning outcomes and motivation of 10th grade chemistry students on the topic of electrolyte and nonelectrolyte solutions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Eli Aprianingsih, Cinintya Ramanda
Analytical Method Optimization of H₂O₂ Derivatization Reaction Time for HPLC Analysis under Tropical Laboratory Conditions
Purpose of the study: This study aims to evaluate the suitability of the commonly reported 2-hour derivatization time for hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) determination using HPLC-PDA by assessing the formation behavior of triphenylphosphine oxide (TPPO) under tropical laboratory conditions. Methodology: The study employed an HPLC–PDA system (Shimadzu LC-20AD) with a reversed-phase C18 column (Waters X-Bridge, 4.6 × 150 mm, 5 µm). Derivatization of H₂O₂ with triphenylphosphine (Sigma-Aldrich) was performed using acetonitrile (Merck). The time-dependent kinetics of TPPO formation were evaluated based on chromatographic peak area monitoring. Data were processed using integrated instrument software. Main Findings: The TPPO peak area increased progressively with reaction time and approached a plateau at approximately 60 min, indicating near-complete derivatization under the studied conditions. No substantial increase in analytical response was observed at longer reaction times. Repeatability evaluation at 60 min showed acceptable analytical precision with %RSD below 2%, demonstrating that a shorter derivatization time was adequate for routine analysis. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study provides a context-specific evaluation of derivatization time as part of analytical method optimization in HPLC systems under tropical laboratory conditions. The findings demonstrate the importance of verifying derivatization parameters under specific working environments to improve analytical efficiency and ensure reliable chromatographic performance.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dinalia, Husain Sosidi, Ahmad Ridhay, Hannan, Khairuddin, Pasjan Satrimafitrah, Syamsuddin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of Pyrimidinon Derivative Compounds from Methoxy Bis-Chalcone Analogs as Potential Anticancer Candidates
Purpose of the study: This study aims to evaluate its bioactivity as a candidate anticancer compound through inhibition testing of dihydrofolate reductase enzyme activity. Methodology: Organic synthesis methods through condensation and cyclization, reflux, recrystallization, preparative thin layer chromatography, Fisher John Melting Point Apparatus, ultraviolet visible spectrometer, nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer, mass spectrometer, infrared spectrometer, centrifugation, in vitro dihydrofolate reductase enzyme inhibition test, probit analysis, methotrexate as a positive control, and evaluation of anticancer bioactivity. Main Findings: The pyrimidinone derivative compound was successfully synthesized and confirmed through physical and spectroscopic characterization. The test results showed significant inhibitory activity against the dihydrofolate reductase enzyme. The synthesized compound had a fifty percent inhibitory concentration of 25.086 micrograms per milliliter, lower than the positive control, indicating better anticancer potential and high inhibitory effectiveness. Novelty/Originality of this study: The novelty of this research lies in the synthesis of pyrimidinone derivatives based on bis-chalcone analogs containing methoxy groups, which have not been widely studied as anticancer candidates. This study provides new insights into the relationship between structure and biological activity, while also expanding the development of heterocyclic compounds as dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors for anticancer therapy.
Innovative Chemistry Learning: The Impact of the Jigsaw Cooperative Model on Students’ Understanding of Reaction Rate Concepts
Purpose of the study: This study aims to determine the effect of the Jigsaw type cooperative learning model on students' chemistry learning outcomes on the concept of reaction rate by comparing it with the expository learning method at the high school level. Methodology: Quasi-experimental method, Only Posttest Control Group Design, purposive sampling technique, multiple-choice test instrument (22 questions), validity and reliability test using ANATES software, Liliefors normality test, Fisher homogeneity test, and t-test statistical analysis at a significance level of α = 0.05. Main Findings: The average value of the experimental group (70.15) was higher than the control group (57.87). The results of the statistical test showed that tcount = 4.47 was greater than ttable = 1.999, so there was a significant difference. The Jigsaw Model was proven to improve student learning outcomes on the concept of reaction rate. Novelty/Originality of this study: This research focuses on the application of the Jigsaw model to the under-researched concept of reaction rate. This study provides empirical evidence of its effectiveness in chemistry learning and enriches innovative learning strategies to enhance conceptual understanding and student engagement.
Photodegradation of Methylene Blue Dye Using TiO2/Zeolite with the Addition of Nitrate Ions (NO3-)
Purpose of the study: This study aims to determine the characterization of TiO₂/zeolite composites and determine the amount of TiO₂/zeolite, NO₃⁻ ion concentration, and optimum irradiation time for the photodegradation process of methylene blue in solution. Methodology: This study used X-Ray Diffraction (XRD-6000 Shimadzu), UV-Vis spectrophotometer, UV lamp (Sankyo, 10 W, 352 nm), Teflon type hydrothermal reactor, and photocatalyst reactor (40×40×40 cm). The methods include zeolite activation, TiO₂ dispersion, hydrothermal synthesis, photodegradation test, and data regression analysis. Main Findings: The TiO₂/zeolite composite showed characteristic peaks at 2θ = 25.2737°, 37.6855°, and 48.0278° without any change in the crystal structure. The maximum degradation effectiveness of 29.94% was obtained by adding 75 mg of the composite. The optimum NO₃⁻ concentration was 0.5 M with an irradiation time of 100 minutes resulting in an effectiveness of 30.81%. NO₃⁻ has a dual role in the degradation process. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study developed a photodegradation system with a combination of TiO₂/zeolite composite and nitrate ions. The novelty lies in the simultaneous analysis of the effects of catalyst amount, NO₃⁻ concentration, and irradiation time, as well as revealing the dual role of NO₃⁻ in enhancing and inhibiting degradation.
Inquiry-Based Chemistry Learning: An Effective Strategy to Strengthen Students' Conceptual Understanding
Purpose of the study: This study aims to determine whether inquiry-based chemistry learning has an effect on students' conceptual understanding, especially on colloid material, by comparing learning outcomes before and after the application of inquiry-based learning. Methodology: The study used a one-group pretest-posttest weak experimental design, purposive sampling technique with a sample of 40 students, instruments in the form of multiple-choice tests and questionnaires. Data analysis used the Liliefors normality test, Fisher's homogeneity test, t-test, and N-Gain quantitatively. Main Findings: The results of the study showed an increase in students' conceptual understanding after inquiry-based learning, with the average score increasing from pretest to posttest. The N-Gain value of 0.46 is included in the moderate category, dominated by the moderate category. Statistical tests showed that t count > t table, indicating a significant effect of inquiry-based learning. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study emphasizes specific conceptual understanding in inquiry-based chemistry learning on colloids. The novelty lies in the empirical evidence of direct classroom implementation, which demonstrates how a structured inquiry process can significantly improve students' conceptual construction, resulting in moderate improvement.
Copyright (c) 2024 Khasanah Khasanah, Dewimarhelly Dewimarhelly
Game-Based Learning in Chemistry: Development of “Win Redox” Media on Reduction and Oxidation Reactions
Purpose of the study: This study aims to determine the feasibility of chemistry learning media on the main material of the concept of reduction and oxidation reactions. Methodology: This study uses the Research and Development development method, with the Sugiyono model which includes potential problems, information gathering, product design, design validation, design revision, product trial, product revision, product. Interactive game-based learning media named the win redox game contains material on the concept of reduction and oxidation reactions. The feasibility test of the win redox game is based on the learning outcomes and understanding of Class X students of Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 2 Semarang who have helped in the use of the win redox game and provided feedback on the game. Main Findings: The cognitive learning outcomes of students are included in the moderate category with an increase in learning outcomes (N-gain) of 0.67. The affective aspect learning outcomes of 82.33% are included in the very good category, while the results of student responses of 77.40% are included in the good category, so this interactive game is suitable for use as an alternative learning medium. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study presents "Win Redox" as a game-based learning medium specifically designed to enhance understanding of the concept of redox reactions, a concept rarely developed specifically. Unlike previous research, this medium integrates validated pedagogical design with interactive game elements. This research enriches the existing research by producing a learning medium that is not only engaging but also conceptually feasible and effective.
Copyright (c) 2024 Siti Safitriyani, Anisah Tjakrawati
Improving the Quality of Colloidal System Learning through Lesson Study with Inquiry-Based Experimental Methods
Purpose of the study: The purpose of this study is to determine the lesson study learning process using the guided inquiry-based experimental method on the main material of colloidal systems at Madrasah Aliyah Darut Taqwa. Methodology: This study employed a descriptive qualitative method with a lesson study approach (plan–do–see cycle). Instruments included observation sheets (Likert scale 1–5), interview guides, and documentation checklists. Data were collected through observation, semi-structured interviews, and document review. Data analysis used the Miles and Huberman model. Data processing utilized Microsoft Excel. Main Findings: The results of this study indicate that lesson study activities involve three stages: planning (Plan), implementation (Do), and reflection (See). Prior to this activity, initial observations were conducted to compare the pre-lesson and post-lesson study sessions. As a result, teachers' ability to manage learning improved. For example, the ability to guide problem formulation increased from 41.25% to 53.75%. Improvements also occurred in the ability to conduct experiments, analyze and present results, and communicate. Based on these data, lesson study activities can improve the quality of learning. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study introduces an integrated implementation of lesson study with guided inquiry-based experimental methods specifically applied to colloidal system learning. It advances existing knowledge by emphasizing collaborative teacher development alongside student-centered inquiry processes. The study provides new insights into how iterative lesson study cycles enhance instructional quality, teacher competence, and active student engagement in chemistry learning contexts.
Copyright (c) 2024 Umi Wandansari, Indhie Nirvana, Neelam Sharma
Preliminary Study on Laccase-Catalyzed Oxidative Transformation of Anethole: Evidence from GC-MS Analysis
Purpose of the study: This research was conducted with the aim of synthesizing anethole dimers using the laccase enzyme biocatalyst. Methodology: In this study, anise oil containing 90% anethole, laccase enzyme as a biocatalyst, and hydroquinone as a mediator were used. The laccase enzyme used was isolated from white oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) which has an activity of 712.758 U/L. The anethole dimer formation reaction was carried out in a biphasic medium (ethyl acetate: phosphate buffer = 4:1) which was carried out for 24 hours and 48 hours. The reaction results were then extracted with ethyl acetate and produced a thick brownish liquid with a more intense color intensity in the 48-hour reaction. Main Findings: Comparison of the GC test results on anise oil, 24-hour reaction, and 48-hour reaction showed an increase in peaks and changes in peak height in the 48-hour reaction. Anethole and p-anisaldehyde compounds had a smaller % area than in the 24-hour reaction. It is suspected that the 48-hour reaction produced a new compound derived from the oxidation reaction, namely caryophyllene oxide, but the compound that is the anethole dimer has not been identified. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study introduces a biocatalytic approach for anethole transformation using laccase from Pleurotus ostreatus, integrating mechanistic insights with product characterization. It reveals the limited reactivity of anethole under laccase catalysis while identifying alternative oxidation pathways, such as caryophyllene oxide formation. These findings advance understanding of substrate specificity and expand knowledge of laccase-mediated transformations in non-phenolic systems.
Copyright (c) 2024 Siti Zainatur Rahmah, Wimonnan Pongpatrakant
Chemistry Learning Media Innovation: Interactive Website Development for Buffer Solution Material
Purpose of the study: To determine the feasibility of website-based buffer solution learning media as a learning resource for class XI students at State Senior High School 13 Semarang. Methodology: This study used the Research and Development method, with the Thiagarajan model, which includes defining, designing, and developing. The feasibility of the learning media was based on the assessment results of media experts, material experts, high school chemistry educators, and student responses to the website-based learning media. Main Findings: The assessment results from material experts were 66.67%, categorized as good. The assessment results from media experts were 86.1%, categorized as very good. The assessment results from high school chemistry educators were 79.1%, categorized as good. The results from the student response questionnaire were 76.67%, categorized as good. Based on these results, it can be concluded that website-based learning media is suitable for use as a learning resource for students. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study presents the development of a website-based chemistry learning medium specifically designed for the topic of buffer solutions, integrating interactive features and self-paced learning components. Unlike previous studies, this study emphasizes accessibility and conceptual understanding through a digital platform. This research advances existing knowledge by providing an innovative and validated learning resource that supports flexible learning and enhances student engagement and understanding in chemistry education.
Copyright (c) 2024 Fina Fastaqima, Maria Sundus
Strengthening Chemistry Learning Outcomes through Discovery Learning and Laboratory Activities on Colloidal Systems Material
Purpose of the study: This research aims to improve students' chemistry learning outcomes using the discovery method through laboratory activities on the concept of colloidal systems. Methodology: The method used in this study was classroom action research with a sample of 33 students taught using the discovery method through laboratory activities. The classroom action research consisted of two research cycles, each with stages including planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The research instruments used were observation sheets, questionnaires, learning outcome tests, and teacher and student interviews. Main Findings: From the results of this thesis research, it is obtained an overview that this research has achieved the criteria that have become the limit of success indicators shown through the increase in the category of aspects of active student participation in learning in each cycle. Likewise, the learning outcome test saw an increase in the average score in cycle I of 68.09 increasing to 74.81 and no more students received a score below 60.00. Similarly, the results of student interviews responded positively to the learning process using the discovery method through laboratory activities. Novelty/Originality of this study: This research offers novelty through the integration of discovery learning methods with structured laboratory activities on the concept of colloidal systems to improve student learning outcomes. This approach emphasizes active student engagement through experimentation and problem-solving. These findings complement previous studies by demonstrating the effectiveness of the combination of inquiry learning and practicum in improving conceptual understanding and student participation.
Copyright (c) 2024 Hilmina Hilmina, Abu Ahmad
Exploration of the Structure and Composition of Sn(S₀.₆Te₀.₄) Thin Film as a Potential Absorber in Solar Cell Technology
Purpose of the study: This study aims to synthesize and characterize Sn(S₀.₆Te₀.₄) thin films using vacuum evaporation and to analyze their crystal structure and chemical composition in order to evaluate their potential as absorber materials for solar cell applications. Methodology: Vacuum evaporation system with rotary and diffusion pumps, substrate heater, Penning manometer, thermocouple, furnace, digital balance, and multimeter were used. Structural analysis employed X-Ray Diffraction (Miniflex 600 Rigaku, Cu source). Surface morphology and composition were analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). Data processed using Origin and PCPDFWIN software. Main Findings: Sn(S₀.₆Te₀.₄) thin films were successfully deposited at 250°C, 300°C, and 350°C. XRD results show increased diffraction peak intensity with higher temperature, indicating improved crystallinity, with optimum at 350°C. The structure approaches orthorhombic SnS. EDS confirms presence of Sn, S, and Te with composition close to theoretical values but slightly deviated due to non-stoichiometric effects. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study explores a specific composition of Sn(S₀.₆Te₀.₄) thin film using vacuum evaporation and simultaneously analyzes its crystal structure and chemical composition. It provides new insight into the relationship between temperature, crystallinity, and composition, contributing to the development of alternative absorber materials for solar cell technology.
Copyright (c) 2024 Mahmudah Setianingrum, Guluzra Bozorboeva
Lampung Natural Zeolite as a Green Solution: Heavy Metal Waste Treatment through Flotation-Filtration Method
Purpose of the study: This study aims to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of flotation, filtration, and combined flotation–filtration processes in removing iron (Fe) and reducing Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) from synthetic wastewater. Methodology: This study employed flotation, filtration, and combined flotation–filtration methods using a ceramic membrane filtration unit, vacuum pump, air–ozone generator, and synthetic wastewater containing Fe, zeolite, Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS), and Poly-Aluminum Chloride (PAC). Data were analyzed using concentration measurement and percentage removal efficiency calculations. Main Findings: The combined flotation–filtration process showed the highest performance, achieving Fe removal efficiency of 94.74% with final concentration of 5.26 mg/L. Filtration and flotation showed lower efficiencies. COD reduction was more stable in filtration but more effective initially in flotation–filtration. Membrane fouling was lower in flotation–filtration, resulting in higher permeate volume compared to filtration alone. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study presents a simultaneous flotation–filtration system integrated with air–ozone injection to enhance pollutant removal and reduce membrane fouling. It highlights the dual role of air–ozone as an oxidizing and cleaning agent, offering improved efficiency and membrane durability compared to conventional single-process methods.
The Use of Flash Media as an Innovation in Chemistry Learning to Improve Student Learning Achievement in Atomic Structure Material
Purpose of the study: This study aims to determine the effect of using Flash-based learning media on students’ learning achievement in chemistry, specifically on the topic of atomic structure, compared to conventional teaching methods. Methodology: This study employed a quasi-experimental design using a pretest-posttest control group design. The instrument used was a multiple-choice test consisting of 20 items. Data were collected through pretest and posttest. Data analysis included validity and reliability testing, homogeneity test using F-test, and hypothesis testing using t-test with pooled variance. Main Findings: The results showed that students taught using Flash media achieved higher learning outcomes compared to those taught using conventional methods. The experimental group demonstrated better average scores and higher classical completeness. Statistical analysis indicated a significant difference between both groups, confirming that Flash media positively affects students’ achievement in atomic structure learning. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study introduces the application of specifically designed Flash media for atomic structure learning, integrating interactive animation and conceptual visualization. It provides empirical evidence of its effectiveness, offering a more focused approach compared to previous general multimedia studies and contributing to innovation in chemistry learning media development.
Copyright (c) 2024 I Made Krisna Budi, Ni Nyoman Nuryani
Experimental Study: The Effect of Problem-Based Learning on Students' Chemistry Learning Outcomes in Thermochemistry Concepts
Purpose of the study: This study aims to determine the effect of the Problem-Based Learning model on students’ chemistry learning outcomes, specifically on thermochemistry concepts, by comparing the performance of students taught using problem-based learning and those taught using conventional learning methods. Methodology: This study used a quasi-experimental method with a nonequivalent control group design. The sample was selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected using multiple-choice test instruments. Data analysis techniques included Liliefors normality test, Fisher homogeneity test, and t-test at a significance level of 0.05. Main Findings: The results showed that there was a significant difference in learning outcomes between students taught using the Problem-Based Learning model and those taught using conventional methods. Students in the experimental group demonstrated higher achievement in thermochemistry concepts compared to the control group after the learning process. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study provides new insights by applying an experimental design to specifically examine the effect of Problem-Based Learning on thermochemistry learning outcomes. It integrates contextual problem-solving with conceptual understanding, offering a more meaningful learning approach and contributing to the development of innovative chemistry teaching strategies.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sony Hidayat, Olaitan Abiodun Josiah
Implementation of Information and Communication Technology Media in Project-Based Learning and Its Impact on Learning Outcomes in Electrolyte and Non-Electrolyte Solution Material
Purpose of the study: This study aims to examine the influence of information and communication technology media applied in project-based learning on student learning outcomes in the material of electrolyte and non-electrolyte solutions. Methodology: The research method used was a quasi-experimental design with a pretest and posttest design for two groups. Two classes were randomly selected as the experimental and control groups. The experimental group used information and communication technology media in project-based learning, while the control group used a demonstration method. Data were obtained through tests and analyzed to determine the effect of the treatment. Main Findings: The analysis results show that the use of information and communication technology media in project-based learning has a positive impact on student learning outcomes. This is evidenced by the calculated t value being greater than the t table, which is 2.2, which is greater than 1.671. Furthermore, the posttest score for the experimental group was also higher than that of the control group, indicating a significant improvement in learning outcomes. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study offers novelty by integrating information and communication technology media within project-based learning specifically for electrolyte and non-electrolyte solution topics, which are often abstract for students. It advances existing knowledge by demonstrating how technology-enhanced learning projects improve conceptual understanding and learning outcomes, providing a more interactive and student-centered approach compared to conventional instructional methods.
Innovation in Augmented Reality-Based Chemical Bonding Learning Media to Support Interactive Learning
Purpose of the study: This study aims to determine students’ responses toward an interactive learning media based on augmented reality technology on chemical bonding material, focusing on usability, visualization, material benefits, language clarity, and potential impact in supporting interactive learning experiences. Methodology: This study employed the Warsita development model consisting of design, production, and evaluation stages. The developed media included an augmented reality application integrated with a marker book. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire consisting of 40 items administered to 40 students. Validation involved media and subject experts, and data were analyzed using percentage techniques and interpretation criteria. Main Findings: Students showed positive responses toward the augmented reality-based interactive learning media, categorized as good overall. High acceptance was reflected in usability and illustration aspects, while material benefits, grammar, and future impact were also positively rated. The media demonstrated feasibility for classroom use with minor improvements needed for long-term learning engagement. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study presents an augmented reality-based interactive learning media specifically designed for chemical bonding with integrated marker books and application features. It emphasizes students’ response evaluation across multiple aspects, providing empirical insight into user acceptance and contributing to the development of more effective and engaging chemistry learning media.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ade Irma Nur, Fauzia Amina, Tiwi Desrina, Tianur Secha
Integrating Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) into Chemical Laboratory Learning: A Mixed-Method Study on Students’ Safety Awareness and Practices
Purpose of the study: This study aims to analyze students’ occupational health and safety (OHS) awareness and practices in chemical laboratory learning and to evaluate the effectiveness of integrating OHS principles into laboratory instruction to reduce safety risks and improve compliance. Methodology: This study employed a mixed-method approach using structured questionnaires, observation sheets, semi-structured interviews, and document analysis. Data were collected from undergraduate chemistry students. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, while qualitative data were analyzed through thematic analysis. Job Safety Analysis (JSA) was applied as a risk assessment tool. Main Findings: The results showed that 78% of students received safety training, but only 34% could identify hazard symbols correctly. Compliance with safety practices was low, including fume hood usage (25%) and chemical waste disposal (10%). JSA results indicated that 19% of laboratory activities were categorized as high to extreme risk levels. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study provides a novel integration of Job Safety Analysis (JSA) into chemical laboratory learning to systematically identify risks and improve safety practices. It also offers an evidence-based approach for embedding OHS into the curriculum, contributing to the development of a proactive laboratory safety culture.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hassan Abdullahi Dachia, Jairus Bulimo Khamali, FKR Kumabia
Ethnochemical Investigation of Traditional Maize Fermentation Practices in Rural Andean Communities of Peru
traditional maize fermentation practices and their underlying chemical processes in Andean communities of Peru using an ethnochemical approach. Methodology: This study employed an integrated ethnographic and chemical analysis approach, including semi-structured interviews, participant observation, and laboratory analyses using GC-MS, HPLC, and spectrophotometry to evaluate physicochemical parameters and compound profiles. Main Findings: Results showed a significant decrease in pH (6.8 to 3.9) and an increase in ethanol content during fermentation (p < 0.05). Ethnographic findings revealed structured local knowledge systems that regulate fermentation processes, which were found to correlate with measurable chemical transformations. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study provides empirical evidence linking cultural fermentation practices with biochemical processes, demonstrating that traditional knowledge systems function as adaptive regulatory mechanisms within fermentation systems.
Copyright (c) 2026 Reyna Gladys Cárdenas Vda. de Reategui, Nasim Shekari, Abhinav Dhar
Intensification of Microalgae Lipid Extraction Process Scenedesmus Sp. through Integration of Ultrasonic Pretreatment and Freezing in a Soxhlet System
Purpose of the study: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of ultrasonic and freezing pretreatment strategies in intensifying the Soxhlet extraction process for lipid recovery from Scenedesmus sp., within the framework of chemical engineering separation processes. Methodology: An experimental laboratory design was employed using dried microalgae biomass subjected to three treatment conditions: control (no pretreatment), ultrasonic pretreatment (30 kHz, 30 minutes), and freezing pretreatment (−20°C, 24 hours). Lipid extraction was performed using Soxhlet extraction with n-hexane as the solvent. The extracted lipids were quantified gravimetrically, and all experiments were conducted in triplicate to ensure reproducibility. Main Findings: The results showed that ultrasonic pretreatment significantly enhanced lipid yield (26.78%), followed by freezing pretreatment (23.12%), compared to the control (18.45%). Process intensification efficiency reached 45.14% for ultrasonic treatment and 25.31% for freezing treatment. The findings indicate improved mass transfer and cell disruption, particularly under ultrasonic conditions. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study introduces a process intensification perspective by integrating ultrasonic and freezing pretreatments into a conventional Soxhlet extraction system, highlighting their potential to optimize traditional extraction processes without requiring advanced or high-cost technologies.
Copyright (c) 2026 Frank Camilo Ramíres Rodríguez
Development and Validation of Multimedia-Based Interactive Learning Media to Enhance Students’ Conceptual Understanding of the Periodic Table in Chemistry Education
Purpose of the study: This study aims to develop and validate multimedia-based interactive learning media to enhance students’ conceptual understanding of the periodic table in chemistry education. Methodology: The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the ADDIE model, which includes analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation stages. The developed media integrates text, images, animations, and interactive features to facilitate meaningful learning experiences. Main Findings: The results of expert validation indicate that the media is highly valid, with an average score of 87.5% from media experts and 90.0% from subject matter experts. The implementation results show positive student responses, with an average score of 88.25%, indicating high levels of engagement and usability. Furthermore, the effectiveness test reveals a significant improvement in students’ conceptual understanding, as indicated by an increase in post-test scores and a moderate N-gain of 0.58. Novelty/Originality of this study: Novelty of this study lies in the integration of interactive multimedia features with a systematic validation process, specifically designed to address conceptual challenges in learning the periodic table. This study provides an innovative and empirically validated learning solution that contributes to improving the quality of chemistry education.
Guided Discovery Learning for Acid-Base Chemistry: Effects on Student Achievement and Conceptual Mastery
Purpose of the study: This study aims to analyze the effect of guided discovery learning on students’ chemistry learning outcomes and conceptual understanding in acid-base topics, addressing challenges in mastering abstract chemical concepts through structured experimental activities. Methodology: A quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent control group was employed. The experimental group received guided discovery learning integrated with laboratory activities, while the control group followed conventional instruction. Data were collected through pre-tests, post-tests, and observation sheets, and analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent sample t-tests, N-gain, and effect size (Cohen’s d) with SPSS software. Main Findings: Results show that the experimental group achieved higher post-test scores (Mean = 82.15, N-gain = 0.67) compared to the control group (Mean = 70.21, N-gain = 0.45), with a statistically significant difference (p = 0.001) and a large effect size (Cohen’s d = 0.82). Guided discovery learning effectively improves students’ conceptual understanding and overall chemistry learning outcomes. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study integrates guided discovery learning with systematically designed laboratory activities in acid-base instruction, providing a holistic evaluation of learning improvement. The approach connects theoretical concepts with practical experiences, offering a more effective instructional model and contributing new knowledge for enhancing chemistry education practices in secondary schools.
Copyright (c) 2026 Heti Nurhayati, Majid Shabani Mahalli
Improving Chemical Bonding Conceptual Understanding Using STAD Cooperative Learning Assisted by Interactive Media
Purpose of the study: This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of the Cooperative Learning model type STAD supported by interactive presentation media on students’ conceptual understanding of chemical bonding. Methodology: A quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent control group was employed, involving two groups of secondary school students. The experimental group was taught using the STAD model integrated with interactive media, while the control group received conventional instruction. Data were collected through pre-test and post-test instruments, which were validated and tested for reliability. Main Findings: The results showed that the experimental group achieved a higher post-test mean score (82.13) compared to the control group (68.27), with an N-gain of 0.67 indicating medium–high improvement. Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference between the two groups (p < 0.05), confirming the effectiveness of the intervention. Novelty/Originality of this study: The novelty of this study lies in the integration of cooperative learning and interactive media with a specific focus on conceptual understanding in chemical bonding. These findings suggest that such an approach can significantly enhance students’ learning outcomes in chemistry education.
Copyright (c) 2025 Siong Tang, Lloyd Arvin Malalua
Spectroscopic Evaluation and Analytical Validation of Lead (Pb) Determination in River Water Using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
Purpose of the study: This study aims to determine the presence or absence of lead (Pb) in the Kelay River water and to quantify its concentration using atomic absorption spectrophotometry as a reliable analytical technique for environmental monitoring. Methodology: This study used atomic absorption spectrophotometry (Varian Spectr AA) for analysis. Supporting tools included analytical balance (KERN ALJ 220-4 NM), volumetric glassware (Pyrex), and electric heater. Methods involved judgment sampling, acid digestion using HNO3, preparation of Pb(NO3)2 standard solutions, calibration curve construction, and linear regression analysis. Main Findings: Lead (Pb) was detected in Kelay River water samples. The concentrations in samples D and E were 0.0773 mg/L and 0.0634 mg/L, respectively, exceeding acceptable limits. In contrast, samples A, B, and C showed concentrations below 0.01 mg/L. The calibration curve exhibited strong linearity with a high correlation coefficient. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study applies an analytical spectroscopy-based approach to determine lead (Pb) levels in a specific river system with consideration of local environmental characteristics. It integrates calibration and detection limit evaluation, contributing to improved analytical reliability and providing new data for environmental assessment in underreported regions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rati Nur Ainna, Erik Lotfi, Amrita Mitra
Phytochemical Investigation of Mastigophora diclados: Isolation of a Herbertene-Type Sesquiterpenoid
Purpose of the study: This study aims to isolate and characterize secondary metabolite compounds from the ethyl acetate extract of the liverwort Mastigophora diclados collected in Indonesia using chromatographic separation and spectroscopic analysis. Methodology: This study employed an experimental laboratory design using maceration extraction with n-hexane and ethyl acetate. Isolation was conducted using column chromatography and thin-layer chromatography (silica gel 60 GF254). Instruments included rotary evaporator (Eyela N-1000), water bath (Eyela SB-1000), and ¹H-NMR spectrometer (JEOL 500 MHz). Data were analyzed through spectral comparison and phytochemical screening methods. Main Findings: The ethyl acetate extract yielded 41.78 g (1.98%). Phytochemical screening indicated the presence of terpenoids. Two pure compounds were obtained (III-B: 8 mg; IV-B: 4 mg) with Rf 0.44. Compound III-B showed a melting point of 152–154 °C. ¹H-NMR analysis revealed characteristic signals of four methyl groups and olefinic protons, indicating a herbertene-type sesquiterpenoid structure. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study is the first to report the isolation and structural characterization of secondary metabolites from Indonesian Mastigophora diclados. It reveals a herbertene-like compound with slight spectral variations, suggesting a potential new derivative influenced by geographical factors, thereby contributing to bryophyte chemotaxonomy and expanding natural product research in tropical regions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ferry Indar Ardiansyah, Moeketsi Freddie Tlali
Filtration Behavior and Solid–Liquid Separation Mechanisms in an Integrated Electrocoagulation–Filtration–Chelation System for Heavy Metal Removal from Laboratory Wastewater
Purpose of the study: This study aims to investigate the filtration behavior and solid–liquid separation mechanisms in an integrated electrocoagulation–filtration–chelation system for treating highly contaminated laboratory wastewater, with emphasis on the role of filtration as the main separation unit controlling overall treatment performance. Methodology: Electrocoagulation was conducted using aluminum electrodes in a batch reactor, followed by gravity-driven filtration using cellulose filter media and chelation using tamarind extract. Heavy metals were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS, Shimadzu AA-7000). COD was measured using standard dichromate method. Filtration behavior was interpreted using classical Darcy’s law. Main Findings: The integrated system achieved significant removal of heavy metals, with mercury reduced to 0.001 ppm, cadmium to 0.002 ppm, and lead to 0.123 ppm. COD was also substantially decreased. Filtration exhibited cake formation behavior, where floc accumulation increased resistance and reduced flux over time, while improving solid–liquid separation efficiency. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study introduces a filtration-centered perspective in an integrated electrocoagulation–filtration–chelation system by emphasizing cake filtration mechanisms and resistance-controlled behavior. It advances existing knowledge by linking physicochemical transformation with mechanical separation, demonstrating how phase conversion enhances filterability and overall separation efficiency in wastewater treatment systems.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rasul Cafarov, Hameda Hameda, Rahayu Yuliastri Fadhilah, Emmanouil Konstantinidis
Comparative Spectral Sensitivity and Quantitative Accuracy of X-ray Fluorescence and Optical Emission Spectroscopy for Alloy Steel Characterization
Purpose of the study: This study aims to evaluate and compare the spectral sensitivity, detection capability, and quantitative accuracy of X-ray fluorescence and optical emission spectroscopy in determining the elemental composition of alloy steel. Methodology: X-ray fluorescence analysis was conducted using Niton XL2 GOLDD (Thermo Scientific), while optical emission spectroscopy analysis employed ARC Met 8000 (Oxford Instruments). Samples included stainless steel (SS-304, SS-310), alloy steel (17-4PH), and duplex steel (Zeron 100). Calibration was performed using Analytical Reference Materials International standards. Data analysis included averaging repeated measurements, relative error calculation, and comparative evaluation using Microsoft Excel and Origin software. Main Findings: Optical emission spectroscopy demonstrated higher spectral sensitivity, particularly for light elements such as carbon, while X-ray fluorescence provided rapid multi-element detection with acceptable accuracy. Relative deviations between methods varied across elements, with significant discrepancies observed in nickel measurements due to matrix effects and detection limitations. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study introduces a comparative spectral performance analysis of X-ray fluorescence and optical emission spectroscopy, emphasizing matrix-effect-driven deviations and highlighting the nickel (Ni) anomaly as a key spectroscopic case. The work provides deeper insight into the influence of spectral interactions on analytical accuracy in complex alloy systems.
Copyright (c) 2025 Kazimierz Nowaczyk, Risky Hidayat Santoso Putra, Piroska Pataki
Performance of Hybrid Coagulation–Adsorption as a Physicochemical Separation Process for Removal of Organic Pollutants and Heavy Metals from Chemical Laboratory Wastewater
Purpose of the study: This study aims to evaluate the performance of a hybrid coagulation and adsorption system as a physicochemical separation process for removing organic pollutants and heavy metals such as iron, manganese, and chromium from chemical laboratory wastewater, as well as to determine optimum operating conditions to improve separation efficiency. Methodology: The study used a batch experimental method consisting of coagulation followed by adsorption. Coagulation was carried out using aluminum sulfate, polyaluminum chloride, and commercial coagulants under controlled conditions of acidity, dosage, and mixing to promote particle destabilization and floc formation. The adsorption process used activated carbon and zeolite with controlled contact time and adsorbent dosage. Parameters analyzed included turbidity, total suspended solids, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, chemical oxygen demand, and metal concentrations. Main Findings: The coagulation process significantly improved solid–liquid separation, achieving reductions in turbidity (93.5%), Total Suspended Solids (69.13%), Total Dissolved Solids (46.95%), conductivity (72.33%), and heavy metals, including Fe (85.53%), Mn (55.84%), and Cr (43.07%). However, Chemical Oxygen Demand reduction during coagulation was limited (7.4%), indicating low removal of dissolved organic compounds. The subsequent adsorption stage enhanced Chemical Oxygen Demand removal up to 58.53% using activated carbon and 54.61% using zeolite. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study evaluates a hybrid coagulation and adsorption system as a multi-stage physicochemical separation process for complex laboratory wastewater. The novelty lies in integrating bulk separation and surface-based removal to improve overall performance and reveal process interactions affecting pollutant removal.
Copyright (c) 2025 Gang Dong, Ermieza Sinin, Fahad Abu Mallouh
Evaluation of Chemical Health and Safety Practices and Exposure Risks in Undergraduate Chemistry Laboratory Practicum
Purpose of the study: This study aims to evaluate the implementation of chemical health and safety practices in undergraduate chemistry laboratory practicum by focusing on chemical hazard identification and exposure risk assessment associated with laboratory activities involving hazardous substances. Methodology: The research employed a descriptive observational design using a structured chemical safety checklist and a task-based risk assessment approach. The evaluation considered chemical properties such as toxicity, flammability, and corrosivity, as well as potential exposure pathways including inhalation, dermal contact, and accidental ingestion. Laboratory activities were analyzed based on the likelihood of exposure and the severity of potential health impacts to determine risk levels. Main Findings: The results indicate that, although overall safety practices were categorized as acceptable, several laboratory activities involving hazardous chemicals such as nitric acid, sulfuric acid, and benzene present significant chemical exposure risks. High-risk conditions were mainly associated with improper handling of corrosive and flammable substances and inconsistent use of personal protective equipment. These conditions suggest the presence of both acute exposure risks, including chemical burns and irritation, and potential chronic health risks due to repeated low-level exposure in laboratory environments. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study contributes to chemical health risk prevention by integrating chemical hazard characteristics and exposure pathways into a task-based risk assessment framework in an academic laboratory setting. Unlike previous studies that primarily focus on general safety practices, this research emphasizes exposure-based chemical health risk evaluation, providing a more comprehensive approach to improving chemical safety management in chemistry laboratory education.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mutiah Ulfah, Vladimir Morozov, Dinesha Dabera