Journal of Academic Biology and Biology Education

Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) as a Sustainable Herbal Supplement for Enhancing the Performance of Freshwater Ornamental Fish

Phichamon Noisuwan, Muhammad Ijaz, Setyawan Heru Tandyo — Tue, 24 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Purpose of the study: The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) supplementation on the performance of ornamental fish, including growth rate, survival rate, feed intake, and body pigmentation, through a systematic review of national and international research findings.

Methodology: This study employed a literature review method using Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and ResearchGate databases. Data were analyzed descriptively using Microsoft Excel 2021. Reference validation was based on ISSN and DOI verification. Literature selection, classification, and data extraction were performed systematically following PRISMA guidelines to ensure research reliability.

Main Findings: The main findings show that Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) contains bioactive compounds such as anthocyanins, flavonoids, and vitamin C that enhance fish health and immunity. Supplementation improved survival rate and feed intake but did not significantly increase color performance, as anthocyanins are not dominant pigments for coloration compared to carotenoids like astaxanthin and zeaxanthin.

Novelty/Originality of this study: This study provides new insight into the potential use of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) as a natural feed additive for ornamental fish. Unlike previous studies focused on food fish, it highlights Roselle’s bioactive compounds in enhancing immunity and feed intake, offering an eco-friendly alternative to synthetic additives in sustainable aquaculture practices.

Structured Inquiry Learning: Enhancing Critical Thinking and Conceptual Understanding through Productive Questioning

Agustina Agustina, Roszelina Abd Rahman — Sat, 20 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Purpose of the study: This study aims to examine the effect of structured inquiry learning based on productive questioning on students’ critical thinking skills and conceptual understanding of plant tissue structure in senior high school biology learning.

Methodology: This study employed a quantitative quasi-experimental method using a non-equivalent control group design. Data were collected using critical thinking and conceptual understanding tests, observation sheets, and documentation. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, Kolmogorov–Smirnov normality test, Levene’s homogeneity test, N-gain analysis, independent sample t-test, and effect size calculation using SPSS software.

Main Findings: The results showed significant differences between experimental and control groups in critical thinking and conceptual understanding. The experimental group achieved higher posttest scores, moderate-to-high N-gain values, and large effect sizes. These findings indicate that structured inquiry learning with productive questioning effectively improves students’ higher-order thinking and conceptual mastery.

Novelty/Originality of this study: This study integrates productive questioning explicitly within a structured inquiry learning model and examines its simultaneous effect on critical thinking and conceptual understanding. This approach provides new empirical evidence on how productive questioning strengthens cognitive engagement and enhances learning outcomes in biology education contexts.

Exploring the Potential of Mangrove Leaf Extracts as Natural Preservatives for Protein-Rich Fish: Evidence from Chanos chanos

Ranulfo Friolo Cala, Rodeon Durotan, Mudrikatul Asna — Sat, 20 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Purpose of the study: This study aims to analyze the effect of ethanolic extract of Rhizophora mucronata leaves at different concentrations and preservation times on the protein content of milkfish (Chanos chanos), to determine the optimal extract concentration for maintaining protein quality during storage.

Methodology: This study used an experimental laboratory design with milkfish (Chanos chanos) treated using ethanolic extracts of Rhizophora mucronata leaves. Tools included a rotary evaporator (IKA RV 10), analytical balance (Ohaus Pioneer), freeze dryer (Labconco), and Kjeldahl apparatus (Velp Scientifica). Protein analysis followed AOAC (2005) using SPSS v26 for Two-Way ANOVA.

Main Findings: The study found that increasing concentrations of ethanolic extract of Rhizophora mucronata leaves led to higher protein content in milkfish (Chanos chanos). The highest protein level was observed at 50 ppm concentration with 12-hour preservation. Two-Way ANOVA showed significant effects of concentration and time individually, but no significant interaction between the two factors (P = 0.148 > 0.05).

Novelty/Originality of this study: This study is the first to evaluate the effect of Rhizophora mucronata ethanolic leaf extract on the protein content of milkfish (Chanos chanos) under Philippine conditions. It introduces a natural, eco-friendly preservation approach, advancing current knowledge on the use of mangrove bioactive compounds to maintain fish protein quality during post-harvest storage.

From SARS-CoV-2 to Influenza: Modern Pedagogical Approaches for Teaching Virology in Undergraduate Classrooms

Md.Nazmul Hossen — Wed, 31 Dec 2025 18:29:43 +0700

Comparison of Protein Content in Mackerel Meat (Rastrelliger sp.) Preserved with Salt and Chitosan

Mudrikatul Asna, Angsoka Dwipayana Marthaliakirana, Bayan Wageh — Fri, 09 Jan 2026 21:40:27 +0700

Purpose of the study: This study aims to determine the differences in protein levels in mackerel meat (Rastrellinger sp) preserved using salt (NaCl) and chitosan.

Methodology: This study used an experimental method. The sample used in this study was mackerel (Rastrellinger sp) from Tambak Lorok Semarang. Analysis of protein levels was carried out using the biuret test. The data analysis technique used quantitative descriptive analysis.

Main Findings: The results of the study showed that the highest protein content of mackerel preserved with salt was 8% concentration on the first day, which was 10,990 ppm, while the lowest protein content was at 20% concentration on the third day, which was 10,270 ppm. The highest protein content of mackerel preserved with chitosan was 20% concentration on the first day, which was 11,120 ppm, while the lowest protein content was at 8% concentration on the third day, which was 10,180 ppm. The highest protein content of the two preservation methods was preservation using chitosan.

Novelty/Originality of this study: The ethanol extract of C. burmanni leaves showed potential teratogenic effects on fetal development in white mice, characterized by growth retardation and morphological abnormalities. This study provides an important basis for evaluating the safety of using this plant during pregnancy.