Journal of Academic Biology and Biology Education
Journal of Academic Biology and Biology Education is an international, peer-reviewed, open-access journal published biannually (June and December). The journal implements a rigorous double-blind peer-review process to ensure the quality, originality, and academic integrity of all published articles. The journal aims to advance interdisciplinary research at the intersection of biology, environmental sciences, and education, with a particular emphasis on addressing global and regional challenges in developing countries. It provides a platform for researchers, educators, and practitioners to disseminate innovative findings and theoretical contributions that support sustainable development and educational transformation. The scope of the journal aligns with the All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) and includes the following areas: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (1100: General Agricultural and Biological Sciences; 1107: Forestry): fundamental and applied biological sciences, including ecology, microbiology, plant and animal sciences, biotechnology, and sustainable forestry. Environmental Sciences (2309: Nature and Landscape Conservation): biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, environmental sustainability, and natural resource conservation. Social Sciences (3304: Education): biology education and science education, including curriculum development, innovative pedagogical approaches, digital learning technologies, assessment, and teacher professional development. The journal publishes original research articles, review papers, and scholarly discussions that demonstrate methodological rigor, theoretical contribution, and practical relevance. Interdisciplinary and cross-sectoral studies are particularly encouraged. By promoting open access to high-quality research, the journal supports global knowledge exchange and contributes to the advancement of science, environmental sustainability, and education at both local and international levels.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms: Authors retain copyright and acknowledge that the Journal of Academic Biology and Biology Education is the first publisher licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges and earlier and greater citation of published work.
Knowing Microbes, Living Healthier: The Association Between Microbiology Literacy and Health-Promoting Behaviors
Purpose of the study: This study aimed to determine the relationship between microbiology literacy and health-promoting behaviors among pre-service biology teachers. It also sought to examine the strength of the association and the contribution of microbiology literacy to students’ health-promoting behaviors. Methodology: A quantitative correlational design was employed. Participants consisted of 60 Biology Education students selected through simple random sampling from a population of 134 students. Data were collected using a microbiology literacy multiple-choice test and a health-promoting behavior questionnaire based on a four-point Likert scale. Instrument validity and reliability were reviewed by experts. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics through descriptive statistics, normality testing, linearity testing, Pearson’s Product-Moment correlation, and coefficient of determination analysis. Main Findings: The results revealed a significant positive relationship between microbiology literacy and health-promoting behaviors. The correlation coefficients were r = 0.521 and r = 0.451, indicating moderate positive associations. The significance tests confirmed that the relationships were statistically significant at the 5% level. Microbiology literacy explained 27.14% and 20.34% of the variance in health-promoting behaviors, suggesting that students with higher microbiology literacy tended to demonstrate better health-promoting behaviors. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study extends existing research by specifically examining microbiology literacy rather than general health literacy as a predictor of health-promoting behaviors. It provides empirical evidence on how microbiological knowledge acquired through higher education is associated with students’ daily health practices, contributing to the integration of biology education, health literacy, and behavioral science.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fiskiyatul Jannah, James Gordon James https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Innovative Flipchart-Based Learning Media for Biology Education: A Developmental Research Study
Purpose of the study: This study aimed to develop a flipchart-based learning media for biology education on ecosystem topics for seventh-grade students and to evaluate its feasibility and user responses for classroom implementation. Methodology: This study employed a Research and Development approach adapted from the Borg and Gall model. Data were collected through observations, interviews, documentation, and structured questionnaires. The instruments included content expert, language expert, media expert, teacher response, and student response questionnaires based on the Walker and Hess evaluation framework. Data were analyzed using descriptive quantitative techniques with percentage-based feasibility assessments. Main Findings: The developed flipchart-based learning media was successfully produced and evaluated. Media expert validation yielded a feasibility score of 84%, language expert validation reached 91%, and content expert validation achieved 58%. Teacher responses showed an average score of 71%, while student responses reached 63%. Overall, the developed learning media was categorized as feasible and received positive responses from both teachers and students, indicating its suitability for supporting biology learning activities. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study introduces a flipchart-based biology learning medium specifically designed for ecosystem learning at the junior secondary level. Unlike previous studies that predominantly focus on digital learning technologies, this research emphasizes a practical, low-cost, and visually structured instructional medium. The study contributes empirical evidence regarding the development process, expert validation, and user responses, thereby expanding knowledge on alternative learning media for biology education in resource-limited educational settings.
Copyright (c) 2026 Farhanah Farhanah, Ayu Ayu, Budi Budi, Vivin Yuliza https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Relationship between Learning Habits and Biology Learning Outcomes among Senior High School Students
Purpose of the study: This study aims to analyze the relationship and differences between study habits and Biology learning outcomes among high school students based on their academic ability levels. Methodology: This study employed a quantitative correlational design. The sample consisted of 152 students selected through proportionate stratified random sampling. Data on learning habits were collected using a four-point Likert-scale questionnaire comprising 38 valid items, while Biology learning outcomes were obtained from students’ academic records. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson Product Moment correlation, significance testing, and coefficient of determination analysis. Main Findings: Most students had learning styles in the excellent category (97.37%), but the majority of Biology learning outcomes were in the low category (70.40%). The relationship between learning styles and Biology learning outcomes was not significant in the high academic ability group (r = 0.126), but was significant in the medium (r = 0.255) and low (r = 0.490) academic ability groups. The contribution of learning styles to learning outcomes increased from 1.59% in the high academic ability group to 24.01% in the low academic ability group. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study contributes new insights by examining the relationship between learning habits and Biology learning outcomes across different academic ability levels. The findings reveal that the strength and significance of the relationship vary according to students’ academic ability, providing a more specific understanding of the role of learning habits in supporting Biology learning achievement.
Copyright (c) 2026 Febrina Ramadhani, Muhammad Yunus, Marini Marini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effect of Organic Fertilizer Plus Micro Fertilizer on Soybean Plant Growth and Yield
Purpose of the study: This study aims to determine the effect of organic fertilizer combined with micro fertilizers on the growth and yield of several soybean varieties cultivated in an agroforestry system under mango trees, as well as to evaluate the potential for developing soybean varieties in these land conditions. Methodology: The study used a field experiment with a two-factorial Randomized Complete Block Design. Materials included soybean seeds of the Grobogan, Anjasmara, Argomulyo, and Mutiara varieties, manure, and microfertilizers. Tools used included a hand sprayer, light meter, thermohygrometer, oven, analytical balance, and camera. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and further Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at the 5% level. Main Findings: All soybean varieties demonstrated adaptability to agroforestry systems under mango stands, although productivity remained low. The Anjasmara variety produced the highest seed weight, while the Mutiara variety had the highest 100-seed weight. Neither organic fertilizer treatment of 5 tons/ha nor a combination of organic fertilizer and microfertilizers significantly affected soybean growth and yield. Varietal factors significantly affected only 100-seed weight. Novelty/Originality of this study: The novelty of this research lies in the evaluation of the combination of organic fertilizer and microfertilizer on several soybean varieties in an agroforestry system under mango trees. This study provides new information on the response of soybean varieties to shade conditions and the effectiveness of integrated fertilization, thus expanding knowledge on sustainable soybean cultivation strategies in agroforestry areas.
Copyright (c) 2025 Agus Priyanto, Aliya Aitenova, Zavalishina Anna https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Steamed Mini Brownies with Sweet Potatoes: A Processed Food Business Innovation to Support Local Food Conservation
Purpose of the study: This study aims to develop a business plan for processed foods made from local tubers as a strategy for local food conservation, and to evaluate the success of the promotion through the implementation of the Mini Steamed Tuber Brownies business. The study also aims to assess consumer acceptance and the economic feasibility of the business as a basis for sustainable business development. Methodology: Descriptive and action research methods were applied through semi-structured interviews, questionnaire surveys, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats analysis, break-even analysis, benefit-cost ratio analysis, and nonparametric statistical tests. Data processing used Microsoft Excel and SPSS. Research instruments included interview guidelines, observation sheets, promotional media, and respondent questionnaires. Main Findings: The Steamed Tuber Mini Brownies product is suitable for consumption, production, and marketing. Promotional strategies are a key factor in increasing consumer acceptance. Female consumers and employees demonstrated higher levels of acceptance than other groups. Order-based sales yielded greater profits than individual sales. Economic analysis indicates that the business is feasible to continue, although it requires increased production efficiency and a strengthened marketing strategy. Novelty/Originality of this study: The novelty of this research lies in the integration of local tuber conservation with the development and implementation of a home-based processed food business plan. This study not only assesses product potential but also directly measures promotional success and business feasibility, thus providing a practical model for local food development oriented toward conservation and economic sustainability.
Getting to Know Local Tubers from the School Environment: An Analysis of Elementary School Students' Recognition and Appreciation in Malang City
Purpose of the study: This study aimed to analyze the influence of school location on elementary students’ recognition of local tuber diversity and to evaluate the appreciation of 117 elementary school students in Malang City toward processed local tuber products as an effort to strengthen local food literacy among young learners. Methodology: Descriptive research design involving 117 fourth- and fifth-grade elementary students from three schools in Malang City. Data were collected using Questionnaire I and Questionnaire II, direct tuber observation, organoleptic testing, product demonstrations, Likert scale assessment, Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney test, descriptive statistical analysis, and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 16.00 for Windows. Main Findings: School location influenced students’ direct recognition of local tubers, with students near traditional markets showing higher familiarity. Pocket money profiles did not significantly affect recognition or consumption experience. Consumption of processed local tuber products was relatively equal across schools. Students’ acceptance levels varied, with generally moderate appreciation, indicating that product appearance, taste, and innovation remain important factors affecting acceptance. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study integrates assessment of elementary students’ recognition of twelve local tuber varieties with evaluation of appreciation toward processed products across different school locations. It provides new evidence that geographical school context has greater influence than economic indicators on local food recognition, offering practical insights for strengthening food education and local biodiversity conservation strategies.
Copyright (c) 2024 Nurinda Zulinar Rahmawati
Diversity of Soil Arthropods in the Ranu Pani Restoration Area: An Indicator of Mountain Ecosystem Recovery
Purpose of the study: This study aims to identify the diversity of soil arthropods in the restoration area of Ranu Pani, Lumajang, determine the ecological roles of each arthropod group, and analyze the diversity index as an indicator of ecosystem condition and restoration progress in the study area. Methodology: Descriptive research design with block plot sampling, pitfall trap method using plastic cup traps, digital thermometer, lux meter, binocular microscope, alcohol preservation solution, field observation, ecological identification keys, abiotic factor measurement, Shannon-Wiener diversity index analysis, Important Value Index calculation, density and frequency analysis, supported by literature review. Main Findings: A total of 916 soil arthropod specimens belonging to 9 orders and 13 families were collected. Diversity index was higher in the first-year location (H’ = 2.523) than the second-year location (H’ = 1.899). Dominant families were Gryllidae and Talitridae. Ecological roles consisted of predators, herbivores, scavengers, and parasitoids, with herbivores and scavengers showing the highest proportions across restoration sites. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study provides updated ecological baseline data on soil arthropod diversity in Ranu Pani restoration areas by integrating diversity, community structure, ecological roles, and abiotic factors. It advances restoration ecology knowledge by demonstrating the use of soil arthropods as bioindicators for assessing ecosystem recovery and restoration effectiveness in highland conservation landscapes.
Evaluation of Land Suitability for Teak (Tectona grandis L.) and Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Agroforestry Development in the Upper Solo Sub-watershed
Purpose of the study: This study aims to determine the land suitability class for teak (Tectona grandis L.) and peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) plants in the agroforestry area in the Solo Hulu Sub-DAS, and to assess the economic feasibility of the cultivation system in supporting sustainable land use. Methodology: The descriptive-exploratory survey method with stratified random sampling, field soil survey, pedon observation, analysis of physical and chemical properties of soil in the laboratory, GIS-based spatial analysis using ArcView 3.3, GPS tools, altimeters, clinometers, Munsell Soil Color Charts, pH meters, soil drills, land suitability matching methods, R/C ratio farming analysis, and in-depth interviews with farmers. Main Findings: Land suitability for teak plantations is generally classified as unsuitable (N), with limiting factors including dry season duration, soil depth, drainage, slope gradient, and erosion hazard. Peanuts are also predominantly unsuitable due to high rainfall and steep slopes. Nevertheless, both agroforestry systems remain economically viable, with a R/C ratio of 20.22 for teak and 2.02 for peanuts. Novelty/Originality of this study: This research integrates biophysical land suitability evaluation with economic feasibility analysis of a teak-peanut agroforestry system in the Upper Solo Sub-watershed. This study provides specific recommendations related to land-limiting factors and improvement strategies, thereby enriching scientific information for sustainable agroforestry planning in marginal sub-watershed areas.
Copyright (c) 2024 Bambang Wirawan, Isife kenneth Ifeanyi
Integration of Educational and Conservative Landscapes: Designing a Biology Department Garden for Local Biodiversity Conservation
Purpose of the study: This study aims to design a Local Biodiversity Conservation Garden in the Biology Department, evaluate changes in community appreciation after the garden redesign, compare the richness of local and exotic plant species, and identify plant species with the largest canopy cover to support ecological and aesthetic functions. Methodology: Field observation, vegetation inventory, questionnaire survey, canopy cover analysis, species classification based on regional distribution references, manual garden design sketching and scanning, descriptive quantitative analysis. Tools used included measuring tape, lux meter, plant identification references, questionnaire forms, digital scanner, statistical analysis software, and biodiversity documentation records. Main Findings: The redesigned conservation garden significantly improved aesthetic appreciation among Biology Department community members. Plant species richness increased substantially, with local species dominating over exotic species. Community perception shifted positively toward the reorganized garden. Vegetation stratification showed clear ecological structuring, while canopy analysis identified dominant species contributing most to shade formation and microclimate regulation within the conservation area. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study introduces an integrated campus garden design model that combines biodiversity conservation, ecological restoration, and landscape aesthetics using predominantly local plant species. It advances existing knowledge by demonstrating how academic green spaces can function simultaneously as conservation areas, educational laboratories, and ecological infrastructure supporting biodiversity enhancement within higher education institutions.
Copyright (c) 2024 Fransiska Poppy Yulia
From SARS-CoV-2 to Influenza: Modern Pedagogical Approaches for Teaching Virology in Undergraduate Classrooms
Purpose of the study: The COVID-19 pandemic and influenza highlight the global necessity to enhance virology education within biomedical curricula. Conventional lectures often fail to facilitate critical thinking. This review aims to synthesize contemporary pedagogical approaches such as active learning and virtual laboratories to improve scientific reasoning. Methodology: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, ERIC, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for the period 2015–2025. Keywords used included virology education and active learning. Out of 425 articles screened, 127 peer-reviewed papers met the eligibility criteria. Data were extracted regarding instructional design and student outcomes. Main Findings: Active learning increases STEM performance by 30% compared to passive lecturing. Case-based learning (CBL) improves critical thinking by 27% and enhances long-term retention. Virtual laboratories produce learning outcomes equivalent to traditional labs while reducing costs. Gamification and collaborative projects significantly boost student motivation, engagement, and self-efficacy. Novelty/Originality of this study: This review provides a new framework for integrating real-time pandemic data into undergraduate curricula. It uniquely addresses the gap between molecular virology and global health responses in resource-limited settings. By synthesizing recent digital advancements, it offers a roadmap for creating a scientifically literate workforce capable of managing future viral outbreaks.
Copyright (c) 2025 Md. Nazmul Hossen https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) as a Sustainable Herbal Supplement for Enhancing the Performance of Freshwater Ornamental Fish
Purpose of the study: The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) supplementation on the performance of ornamental fish, including growth rate, survival rate, feed intake, and body pigmentation, through a systematic review of national and international research findings. Methodology: This study employed a literature review method using Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and ResearchGate databases. Data were analyzed descriptively using Microsoft Excel 2021. Reference validation was based on ISSN and DOI verification. Literature selection, classification, and data extraction were performed systematically following PRISMA guidelines to ensure research reliability. Main Findings: The main findings show that Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) contains bioactive compounds such as anthocyanins, flavonoids, and vitamin C that enhance fish health and immunity. Supplementation improved survival rate and feed intake but did not significantly increase color performance, as anthocyanins are not dominant pigments for coloration compared to carotenoids like astaxanthin and zeaxanthin. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study provides new insight into the potential use of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) as a natural feed additive for ornamental fish. Unlike previous studies focused on food fish, it highlights Roselle’s bioactive compounds in enhancing immunity and feed intake, offering an eco-friendly alternative to synthetic additives in sustainable aquaculture practices.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Ijaz, Setyawan Heru Tandyo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Community Perceptions and Participation in Mangrove and Coral Reef Conservation: Implications for Sustainable Coastal Ecosystem Management in Sendang Biru, Indonesia
Purpose of the study: This study aimed to analyze community perceptions and participation in mangrove and coral reef conservation and to evaluate their implications for sustainable coastal ecosystem management in Sendang Biru, Malang Regency, Indonesia. Methodology: A quantitative descriptive research design was employed using a structured questionnaire survey involving 97 respondents selected from a population of 2,841 coastal residents through proportionate random sampling. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques based on perception scores and percentage distributions. Main Findings: The results indicated that community perceptions of mangrove and coral reef conservation were generally positive, particularly regarding environmental benefits. Approximately 76% of respondents were familiar with mangrove ecosystems, and 68% recognized their environmental benefits. Environmental perception scores for mangrove and coral reef conservation were 164 and 183, respectively, while economy perception scores reached 115 and 105. In contrast, perceptions of economic benefits differed between ecosystem types, with mangrove conservation receiving a negative score (T = 68) and coral reef conservation a positive score (T = 159). Community support for conservation initiatives was high (T = 180), but willingness to participate directly in conservation activities remained low (T = 82). Novelty/Originality of this study: This study provides an integrated assessment of community perceptions and participation in both mangrove and coral reef conservation within a coastal ecosystem management framework. The findings reveal an awareness–participation gap, demonstrating that positive conservation perceptions and support do not necessarily translate into active participation, highlighting the need for more participatory and community-based conservation strategies.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rif’an Habibi, Charlotte Thorns https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Mangrove Conservation and Social-Ecological Resilience in a Community-Based Coastal Landscape of Indonesia
Purpose of the study: This study aims to examine the evolution of community-based mangrove conservation in Wringinputih Village, Indonesia, from the implementation of the Cofish Project to the present. It also aims to develop a social-ecological framework for future mangrove management that supports ecosystem restoration, biodiversity conservation, coastal landscape resilience, and sustainable community livelihoods. Methodology: This study employed a qualitative case study approach. Data were collected through field observations, in-depth interviews, document analysis, and source triangulation. Informants included village authorities, fisheries officers, Perhutani representatives, fisher groups, and aquaculture farmers. Environmental measurements utilized a pH meter, thermometer, hand refractometer, GPS, and digital camera. Data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman interactive model. Main Findings: Mangrove conservation in Wringinputih Village evolved from ecosystem degradation caused by aquaculture expansion toward a community-based restoration model supported by multi-stakeholder collaboration. Continuous rehabilitation activities increased mangrove cover, improved habitat quality, enhanced biodiversity conservation, strengthened coastal protection functions, and supported fisheries resources. The proposed social-ecological framework highlights the integration of ecosystem restoration, community participation, institutional collaboration, environmental education, and sustainable livelihood development to strengthen coastal landscape resilience. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study provides a comprehensive reconstruction of mangrove conservation history from the Cofish Project period to the present and integrates the findings into a social-ecological resilience framework for coastal landscape management. Unlike previous studies focusing primarily on restoration outcomes or governance mechanisms, this research demonstrates how ecosystem recovery, biodiversity conservation, stakeholder collaboration, and community participation interact to support long-term mangrove conservation and landscape resilience.
Copyright (c) 2026 Agung Ardiyansah, Ghanishta Seeburrun, Shannon M Lambert https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Sustainable Mangrove Conservation: A Community-Based Perspective
Purpose of the study: This study aimed to identify the mangrove species utilized by the Ra’as community, determine the plant parts and utilization methods employed, examine community-based mangrove conservation practices, and explore local perceptions regarding the ecological and socio-cultural importance of mangrove ecosystems on Ra’as Island, Indonesia. Methodology: This study employed a descriptive-exploratory design using a survey method and Participatory Ethnobotanical Appraisal approach. Data were collected through field observations, semi-structured interviews, documentation, literature review, and mangrove species identification. Research tools included smartphones, field notebooks, interview guides, and taxonomic references. Data were analyzed using descriptive qualitative analysis and percentage-based quantitative analysis. Main Findings: Nine mangrove species were utilized by the Ra’as community for ecological protection, food, traditional medicine, fuelwood, handicrafts, maritime activities, and cultural beliefs. The stem was the most frequently utilized plant part, while direct use represented the dominant utilization method. Community conservation practices consisted of direct actions through mangrove planting and indirect conservation through local beliefs, social norms, and village regulations. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study integrates ethnobotanical utilization, traditional ecological knowledge, community perceptions, and conservation practices within a single analytical framework. It provides new empirical evidence from a small-island socio-ecological system in Indonesia and demonstrates how local knowledge and cultural values contribute to sustainable mangrove management and community-based conservation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dora Boyd Cohen, Miri Pariyas Tutik Fitriya, Silviya Joshi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Fostering Environmental Care Attitudes through the Implementation of the Science-Technology-Society Learning Model in Elementary Schools
Purpose of the study: This study investigated the implementation of the Science-Technology-Society learning model and its effectiveness in improving environmental care attitudes among elementary school students through contextual learning activities that integrate scientific concepts, technological developments, and environmental issues relevant to daily life. Methodology: A Classroom Action Research design based on the Kemmis and McTaggart model was employed, involving planning, action, observation, and reflection stages conducted over three cycles. The participants were 23 elementary school students in Kampala District, Uganda. Data were collected using environmental care attitude observation sheets and Likert-scale questionnaires. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and percentage calculations, while qualitative data were examined through the interactive analysis model of Miles and Huberman. Main Findings: The results showed a continuous improvement in students’ environmental care attitudes throughout the intervention. Achievement levels increased from 69.28% in the pre-intervention stage to 77.79% in Cycle I, 79.71% in Cycle II, and 85.94% in Cycle III. Students demonstrated greater responsibility for maintaining environmental cleanliness, managing waste, caring for plants, and practicing environmentally responsible behavior in both learning activities and daily school routines. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study contributes to environmental education research by identifying how the implementation stages of the Science-Technology-Society learning model foster environmental care attitudes among elementary school students. The findings provide evidence that contextual science learning can effectively promote environmental awareness and support sustainability education, contributing to the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals through character development at the primary education level.
Copyright (c) 2026 Gerald Amatre, Huang Jiln, Pradeepan K Sarma https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Ecological Condition, Degradation Status, and Restoration Priorities for Sustainable Mangrove Conservation in the Kepetingan Coastal Landscape, East Java, Indonesia
Purpose of the study: This study aimed to assess the ecological condition, degradation status, and environmental suitability of mangrove ecosystems in the Kepetingan Coastal Area, East Java, Indonesia, and to identify stakeholder-based restoration priorities to support sustainable mangrove landscape conservation and ecosystem recovery. Methodology: Field surveys were conducted at three sampling stations representing settlement, estuarine, and abandoned aquaculture pond areas. Mangrove vegetation was assessed using the line transect–plot method. Vegetation density, frequency, dominance, and Importance Value Index (IVI) were analyzed. Water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and pH were measured using field instruments. Mangrove degradation status was evaluated using critical mangrove land assessment criteria, while restoration priorities were determined through SWOT analysis based on stakeholder interviews and questionnaires. Main Findings: Five mangrove species were identified, with Rhizophora stylosa, Avicennia marina, and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza showing the highest ecological importance. Tree density ranged from 300–600 trees ha⁻¹, indicating degraded ecosystem conditions. The critical land assessment produced a score of 285, classifying the area as critical mangrove land. Mangrove cover declined from 140.54 ha in 2010 to 109.20 ha in 2015. Environmental parameters remained suitable for restoration, and SWOT analysis identified the Weakness–Opportunity (WO) strategy as the highest restoration priority. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study integrates ecological condition assessment, environmental quality evaluation, mangrove degradation analysis, and stakeholder-based SWOT planning within a single restoration framework. The approach provides a comprehensive basis for determining restoration priorities and contributes to the development of integrated mangrove landscape conservation strategies in degraded tropical coastal ecosystems.
Copyright (c) 2025 Izzatul Fakhiroh, Ali Ogla https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Fish Biodiversity as Ecological Support for False Gharial (Tomistoma schlegelii) Habitats in Tropical Rivers
Purpose of the study: This study aimed to analyze fish biodiversity and evaluate physicochemical water conditions supporting fish communities and the habitat sustainability of the false gharial (Tomistoma schlegelii) in a tropical freshwater river ecosystem. Methodology: This study used a purposive sampling method at three observation stations. Fish samples were collected using gill nets, fishing rods, traps, and traditional fishing gear. Water quality parameters were measured in situ using GPS, thermometer, pH meter, Secchi disk, stopwatch, and current-flow method, while dissolved oxygen and heavy metals were analyzed ex situ using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. Fish identification referred to Kottelat in 1993. Data were analyzed using Shannon–Wiener diversity index, evenness index, similarity index, dominance index, and Pearson correlation analysis with SPSS version 22. Main Findings: A total of 15 fish species were identified within the freshwater ecosystem. Fish diversity at all stations was categorized as moderate, with high evenness, high similarity, and low dominance values indicating relatively stable ecological conditions. Water temperature ranged from 28–29°C, dissolved oxygen from 6.4–6.8 mg/L, and pH remained at 6. Water transparency showed the strongest positive correlation with fish biodiversity (r² = 0.948), followed by dissolved oxygen and current velocity. Heavy metal concentrations remained below environmental quality standards. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study provides an integrated ecological assessment linking fish biodiversity, physicochemical water quality, and habitat suitability for the false gharial within a tropical freshwater ecosystem. This research highlights the ecological relationship between aquatic biodiversity and prey-resource availability supporting false gharial habitat sustainability.
Copyright (c) 2026 Itra Hariyadi, Thira Rodchevid, Josyline Kendi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Urban Forests as Green Infrastructure: Linking Vegetation Composition, Spatial Distribution, and Environmental Functions
Purpose of the study: This study aimed to analyze the species composition, vegetation structure, spatial distribution patterns, and ecological functions of urban forest vegetation in supporting environmental quality improvement and sustainable urban development. Methodology: A field survey using a complete census approach was conducted to inventory all tree and pole vegetation. Data collection included species identification, diameter measurement, and GPS coordinate recording. Vegetation structure was analyzed using density, dominance, and Importance Value Index, while spatial distribution patterns were mapped using GIS and ArcGIS 10.1. Ecological functions were evaluated based on carbon sequestration and air pollution mitigation capacities of dominant species. Main Findings: The study recorded 35 vegetation species with 1,389 individuals, consisting of 1,250 trees and 139 poles. Swietenia macrophylla was identified as the dominant species with the highest density and IVI values. Spatial analysis revealed a heterogeneous distribution pattern with high-density clusters dominated by Swietenia macrophylla and Terminalia catappa. Dominant species significantly contributed to ecosystem services, including carbon sequestration, pollution reduction, microclimate regulation, and ecosystem stability. Samanea saman, Swietenia macrophylla, and Pometia pinnata were identified as key species supporting environmental quality improvement. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study integrates vegetation inventory, stand structure analysis, ecological importance assessment, and GIS-based spatial distribution mapping within a single framework, providing comprehensive scientific evidence to support sustainable urban forest management, biodiversity conservation, and environmental planning.
Copyright (c) 2026 Riska Amanda, Joumaa Abdulwahab, Dang Thi Thanh Tam, Darmina Niță https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Study of the Relationship Between Students' Biology Learning Outcomes and Students’ Family Environment
Purpose of the study: The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between students' biology learning outcomes and their family environment. This study also aims to identify family environmental factors that contribute to students' biology learning achievement. Methodology: This research is a quantitative research with descriptive method. The population in this is XI science at Public High School 2 Bengkulu, 40 students, and parents of each student is 40 people. The sample was taken using saturated sampling technique. The research instrument used family environment questionnaire, observation, and documentation and data analysis techniques used were descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Main Findings: The results of the analysis show that the family environment has a significant influence on the learning outcomes of class XI science students in the inferential statistical analysis with the F test showing that the calculated F value is greater than the F table, which means that the relationship between the family environment and student learning outcomes is significant. The average results of the family environment are the moderate category, while student learning outcomes are in the very high category. Novelty/Originality of this study: This research focuses on class XI science students, offering a special understanding of how the family environment relationships learning outcomes in biology at a critical educational stage. This can provide in-depth insight into the factors that relationship academic performance at the upper secondary education level. Seeing the relationship of the family environment on biology learning outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2024 Deni Yunita https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis Influence: Learning True False Learning Model Based Domino Cards on Student Learning Outcomes
Purpose of the study: This study aims to determine the learning outcomes of students using and not using the True or False learning strategy based on domino cards on the reproductive system material in class XI science at Public High School 8 Bandar Lampung. Methodology: This type of research is a quasi-experimental research with a Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design research design. The sampling technique in this study was purposive sampling of 72 students. The data collection technique was carried out using 20 multiple-choice test instruments. The data analysis technique was carried out using descriptive analysis techniques and inferential analysis techniques. Main Findings: The results showed that classes that used the True or False learning strategy based on domino cards had higher average scores than classes that did not use the strategy. Regression analysis indicated a significant influence of this learning strategy on the learning outcomes of class XI science students at Public High School 8 Bandar Lampung, with a calculated t value greater than the t table and a significance level of 0.05. Novelty/Originality of this study: The novelty of this research can lie in the innovative approach in using the "True or False" learning strategy based on domino cards to understand and improve student learning outcomes in studying complex material such as Coordination Systems. This approach can be an interesting new step because it combines two different elements.
Copyright (c) 2024 Siti Sunia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Phylogenetic Relationships of Selected Raja Banana (Musa × paradisiaca L.) Cultivars from Java Based on Chloroplast rbcL Sequences and Their Implications for Germplasm Conservation
Purpose of the study: This study aimed to investigate the phylogenetic relationships, genetic variation, and geographic distribution patterns of Raja banana (Musa × paradisiaca L.) cultivars distributed across Java Island using chloroplast rbcL gene sequences and to provide molecular information supporting germplasm conservation and sustainable management of banana genetic resources in Indonesia. Methodology: Young leaf samples of seven Raja banana cultivars were collected from Java Island. Genomic DNA was extracted using the Wizard® Genomic DNA Purification Kit (Promega, USA). The chloroplast rbcL gene was amplified by PCR and sequenced by First BASE Laboratories (Malaysia). Sequence alignment was performed using ClustalX v2.1. Genetic diversity was analyzed with DnaSP v6.12.03, phylogenetic reconstruction with MEGA v6.0, haplotype network analysis with Network v5.0, and tree visualization with FigTree v1.4.3. Main Findings: The rbcL sequences showed high conservation with limited nucleotide variation among cultivars. Of the 553 nucleotide positions analyzed, 11 variable sites were detected, resulting in two haplotypes with haplotype diversity (Hd) of 0.571 and nucleotide diversity (π) of 0.0043. Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic analysis grouped the cultivars into two major clades, indicating close evolutionary relationships among the examined cultivars. Haplotype network analysis supported the phylogenetic structure and revealed distinct genetic groupings among cultivars distributed across Java Island. Novelty/Originality of this study: The integration of chloroplast rbcL-based phylogenetic analysis with geographic distribution interpretation to investigate Raja banana cultivars across Java Island. This research evaluates phylogenetic relationships, haplotype structure, and cultivar distribution patterns, providing additional insights into the conservation of Indonesian banana germplasm.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ahmad Affan Ali Murtadlo, Pablo A Valverde Pérez, Loreiny Garcia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Fostering Environmental Awareness Through Environmental Learning: A Cross-Country Study in Zambia, Brunei Darussalam, and Nigeria
Purpose of the study: This study examines the implementation of Environmental Learning in fostering environmental awareness and behavioral transformation among elementary school students across different developing-country contexts. The study addresses the limited comparative research on environmental learning practices and behavioral outcomes in diverse socio-cultural and educational settings. Methodology: A qualitative multi-site case study design was employed in three public elementary schools located in Lusaka (Zambia), Bandar Seri Begawan (Brunei Darussalam), and Calabar (Nigeria). Participants consisted of 90 students aged 9–11 years and six teachers selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through classroom observations, semi-structured interviews, and document analysis. Trustworthiness was ensured through triangulation, member checking, expert validation (CVI = 0.91), and intercoder reliability procedures (Cohen’s Kappa = 0.86). Data were analyzed using thematic analysis and cross-case comparison. Main Findings: The findings indicate that Environmental Learning effectively promotes environmental awareness, environmental responsibility, and sustainable behavioral practices. Students demonstrated positive behavioral changes, including proper waste disposal, environmental cleanliness, resource conservation, and active participation in environmental activities. Cross-country analysis revealed contextual differences in implementation. In Zambia, environmental learning emphasized community participation and local environmental challenges; in Brunei Darussalam, implementation was supported by stronger institutional policies and sustainability-oriented school programs; while in Nigeria, community engagement played a central role despite infrastructure limitations. Novelty/Originality of this study: his study contributes to environmental education literature by providing comparative evidence from three developing countries and demonstrating how environmental learning promotes behavioral transformation through constructivist, experiential, socio-cultural, and environmental citizenship processes.
Copyright (c) 2025 Matilda Kanyampa Nakazwe, Masnah Mirasan, Angelica Effiong https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Impact of Inquiry-Based Laboratory Activities and Demonstratio-Oriented Instruction on Students’ Scientific Generic Skills in Fungi Learning
Purpose of the study: This study aimed to investigate the impact of inquiry-based laboratory activities compared to demonstration-oriented instruction on students’ scientific generic skills in fungi learning. Methodology: The research employed a quasi-experimental method using a pretest–posttest non-equivalent control group design. The participants consisted of 68 Grade X students, divided into an experimental group (inquiry-based laboratory activities) and a control group (demonstration-oriented instruction). Data were collected through scientific generic skills tests and analyzed using descriptive statistics, normalized gain (N-gain), and independent sample t-test. Main Findings: The results showed that the experimental class achieved a higher posttest mean score (84.38) compared to the control class (72.26). The N-gain score of the experimental group (0.71) indicated a high improvement, while the control group (0.49) showed a moderate improvement. Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference between the two groups (p < 0.05). Novelty/Originality of this study: The novelty of this study lies in its specific focus on scientific generic skills as a multidimensional construct in fungi learning, emphasizing inquiry-based laboratory engagement as a core learning strategy.
Copyright (c) 2026 Tina Yuni Astuti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Community Perceptions of Urban Forest Functions in Metropolitan Areas: Evidence from Dukuh City Forest, Jakarta
Purpose of the study: This study aims to evaluate community perceptions regarding the ecological, social, landscape, and aesthetic functions of Dukuh City Forest as an urban green space in a densely populated metropolitan area of Jakarta, Indonesia, and to examine its contribution to sustainable urban environmental management. Methodology: This study employed a convergent mixed-methods approach integrating quantitative and qualitative techniques. Data were collected through participatory observation, documentation, semi-structured interviews, and Likert-scale questionnaires distributed to 35 respondents selected using random sampling techniques. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistical and percentage scoring methods, while qualitative data were analyzed thematically and integrated through triangulation. Main Findings: The findings showed that public perception of Dukuh City Forest functions was categorized as good, with an overall score of 68.91%. The ecological function received the highest score (82.94%), indicating strong public awareness of environmental benefits such as improving air quality, reducing urban heat, and increasing water absorption capacity. In contrast, aesthetic and recreational functions received the lowest scores due to limited public utilization, insufficient environmental outreach, and persistent social stigma associated with the area’s previous function as a public cemetery. Limited communication between authorities and communities also affected public participation in urban forest management. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study strengthens the socio-ecological urban forest approach by integrating ecological and social perspectives in evaluating urban forest functions and linking urban forest management with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)-based sustainable urban development.
Copyright (c) 2025 Firdaus Firdaus, Nur Fazreen Zainal, Juraj Nič https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence of Environmental Understanding on Environmental Concern in Biology Education Students
Purpose of the study: This study aims to analyze the influence of environmental understanding on environmental concern among Biology Education students at Alauddin State Islamic University Makassar. Methodology: A quantitative correlational design was employed involving 120 students selected through proportional random sampling. Data were collected using a validated Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and simple linear regression. Main Findings: The findings show a significant positive relationship between environmental understanding and environmental concern (r = 0.69, p < 0.05), with regression results indicating that environmental understanding significantly predicts environmental concern (Y = 19.44 + 0.78X). Novelty/Originality of this study: This study highlights the integration of scientific environmental knowledge with Islamic ethical values in shaping environmental concern, specifically among biology education students in an Islamic higher education context.
Copyright (c) 2026 Indah Putri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence of Student Perceptions on Academic Achievement in Food Microbiology Learning
Purpose of the study: This study aims to analyze the influence of student perceptions on academic achievement in Food Microbiology learning at Tan Tao University. Methodology: A quantitative research design was employed involving 80 undergraduate students selected through total sampling. Data were collected using a validated and reliable perception questionnaire, while academic achievement data were obtained from institutional records. Instrument validity was tested using Pearson Product Moment correlation and reliability using Cronbach’s Alpha. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and simple linear regression with SPSS at a significance level of 0.05. Main Findings: The results show that student perceptions are generally positive with a mean score of 3.53, while academic achievement is relatively high with a mean of 83.14. Correlation analysis reveals a moderate positive relationship between student perception and academic achievement (r = 0.636). Regression analysis indicates that student perception significantly influences academic achievement, with a coefficient value of 8.02, meaning that improved perception leads to higher academic performance. Novelty/Originality of this study: The novelty of this study lies in its focus on Food Microbiology as a discipline-specific and laboratory-based course in a private university context in Vietnam, where perception is conceptualized as a multidimensional construct shaped by learning experience, lecturer interaction, and laboratory engagement.
Copyright (c) 2026 Van-Linh Nguyen, Bao Tran https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Molecular Docking-Based in Silico Evaluation of Leaf Compounds from Coleus blumei Against MRSA
Purpose of the study: This study aims to investigate the potential of compounds derived from medicinal plants as target protein inhibitors against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) using an in silico approach. Methodology: This study employed an in silico molecular docking approach to evaluate active compounds from Coleus blumei leaves against MRSA. Target proteins included MecR1, PBP2a, and oxacilloyl-acylated MecR1. Docking was performed using PyRx, PyMOL, and Discovery Studio with molecular data sourced from GC-MS, PubChem, and PDB. Main Findings: The compound Hexahydro-3H-cyclopenta[a]pentalen-3-one, 2,4a,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,4,7a-trimethyl-, (4aR,7R,7aS) demonstrated the highest binding affinity across all three MRSA resistance-associated target proteins (PBP2a, MecR1, and oxacillin-acylated MecR1), surpassing penicillin as the control. Molecular interaction visualizations revealed stable hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions with key active site residues, particularly SER, LEU, and PHE in PBP2a. Pharmacokinetic evaluation based on Lipinski's Rule of Five indicated that top-performing compounds, including this compound and Aristolone, exhibit favorable oral drug-like properties. These findings highlight the strong potential of these natural compounds as lead candidates for the development of antibacterial agents targeting MRSA resistance mechanisms. Novelty/Originality of this study: The novelty of this study lies in the utilization of specific natural compounds as potential antimicrobial agents against antibiotic resistance proteins, which have not been widely reported before. This study provides an initial basis for the development of herbal antimicrobial drug candidates for MRSA infections.
Copyright (c) 2025 Pongpawan Sethanant, Junhong Kim, Maurizio Martin Cavani Brain
Exploring the Guided Inquiry Learning Model in Biology Practicum: Its Impact on Students' Scientific Attitudes and Cognitive Knowledge
Purpose of the study: The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in scientific attitudes and cognitive knowledge of students between guided inquiry and direct learning models in practical activities by controlling students' prior knowledge. Methodology: This quasi-experimental study employed a Non-Equivalent Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design. From a population of 88 students, 57 were selected using purposive sampling. Instruments included multiple-choice tests and Likert scale observation sheets. Data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel and IBM SPSS 23 with One-Way MANCOVA and Partial Eta Squared for effect size. Main Findings: The guided inquiry learning model is effective in improving students' scientific attitudes and cognitive knowledge. The average scientific attitude of students in the experimental class was 85, compared to 70 in the control class. The average post-test cognitive knowledge score was 75.17 in the experimental class and 50.93 in the control class. The One Way MANCOVA test showed significant differences between groups (p = 0.0001; partial eta squared = 0.840). Partial eta squared is a measure of effect size that indicates the proportion of variance in the dependent variables explained by the independent variable. A value of 0.840 suggests a large effect, meaning the learning model had a strong influence on students’ outcomes. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study integrates guided inquiry learning into food testing on the digestive system topic, uniquely controlling prior knowledge to examine its impact on scientific attitudes and cognitive outcomes, thus enhancing inquiry-based learning insights.
Copyright (c) 2025 Fetmirwati Fetmirwati, Luiz Gustavo Franco, Maria Theresa G. Tadena
Biology Learning Innovation Using Booklet Media
Purpose of the study: This study aims to develop booklet-based learning media for the 11th grade Biology subject, as well as to measure the level of validity and effectiveness of the media in improving the learning of Biology for 11th grade students. Methodology: This study uses a development research method with a 4-D approach (define, design, development, disseminate). The subjects of the study were students of class 11 MIA I at Islamic high school Madani Pao-Pao (24 students) and State Islamic High School 1 Makassar (35 students). Data collection techniques were through observation, interviews, and documents. Data were analyzed qualitatively with descriptive presentation. Main Findings: The results of the study showed that the developed booklet-based learning media received validation with an average of 3.5, which means it is very valid. Field trials at Islamic high school Madani Pao-Pao and State Islamic High School 1 Makassar showed that this media was effective, with an average implementation value of 3.6 and 3.1, which were included in the good and very good categories. Positive responses from teachers and students stated that booklets helped increase learning motivation and facilitated understanding of the material. Novelty/Originality of this study: The novelty of this research lies in the development of booklet-based learning media that integrates material summaries with relevant images and quizzes to train students' critical thinking skills. This media is also designed to increase learning motivation through an attractive and practical display, and is adjusted to the curriculum and needs of Islamic high school students.
Copyright (c) 2024 Andi Muhammad Abrianto, Ijeoma Amaefuna, Agbo Felicia Onyemowo
Exploration of the Influence: Self Action, Self Efficacy on Student Creativity in General Biology
Purpose of the study: This study aims to explore the relationship between self-action and self-efficacy with students' creativity in Biology practicum activities. In the context of higher education, understanding the factors that influence creativity, such as self-action and self-efficacy, is very important for designing. Methodology: This is a quantitative study with an ex post facto research method. This study involves three variables, two independent variables and one dependent variable. The sample variables were taken using the Simple Random Sampling technique, so that the researcher obtained sample of 74 students. This study used questionnaire instrument. The data analysis techniques used were descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Main Findings: The results of this study indicate that for self-action and self-efficacy, the average score is in the moderate category. While for student creativity, the average score is also in the moderate category. The results of inferential statistical analysis with the F test indicate a significant influence between self-action and self-efficacy on student creativity in General Biology practicum activities in the Biology Education Study Program, Fatmawati Sukarno State Islamic University, Bengkulu. Novelty/Originality of this study: This research pays attention to psychological aspects, such as how individuals act towards themselves (Self Action) and individual beliefs in their abilities (Self Efficacy), which may have a significant influence on students' ability to produce creativity when participate in General Biology practicum activities. Focusing on the context of practicum activities can illustrate the influence of these variables in real.
Copyright (c) 2024 Fadhilah Fadhilah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0