Integrated Science Education Journal

Solar System Learning Innovation through Augmented Reality: Increasing Student Concept Solar System

2025-12-21T09:15:10+07:00

Purpose of the study: Students’ conceptual understanding of Solar System topics remains low due to the abstract nature of astronomical phenomena and the limited use of interactive visual learning media. This study aims to develop AR-based Solar System learning media that are valid, practical, and effective in improving students’ conceptual mastery.

Methodology: The research employed a Research and Development approach using the 4D model. Participants comprised 46 eighth-grade students from Muhammadiyah 1 Junior High School in Palembang, selected through purposive sampling. Data collection involved teacher interviews, expert validation (3 experts), student practicality questionnaires (9 students) and pretest-posttest assessments (46 respondents),. The instruments included closed-ended Likert-scale items, open-ended feedback, and concept mastery tests. Data analysis was conducted using the Guttman scale for validity, the Likert scale for practicality, and the N-gain test for effectiveness.

Main Findings: The developed AR learning media achieved a validity score of 100%, a practicality score of 96.82% (very practical), and high effectiveness, with an average N-gain of 0.71. Students’ posttest scores showed substantial improvement compared to pretest results, indicating enhanced understanding of planetary motion, rotation, and revolution.

Novelty/Originality of this study: The findings confirm that AR-based learning media effectively facilitate conceptual change by transforming abstract Solar System concepts into concrete, interactive experiences. The novelty of this study lies in integrating realistic 3D visualization, curriculum-oriented design, and effectiveness testing. The results imply that AR media can serve as a viable instructional innovation in science education, particularly for abstract topics that require spatial reasoning.

The Effect of Experimental-Based Problem-Based Learning on Undergraduate Students’ Scientific Writing and Presentation Skills in a Basic Physics Course

2025-12-24T19:10:33+07:00

Purpose of the study: This study aims to examine the effect of experimental-based Problem-Based Learning (PBL) on students’ scientific writing and presentation skills in a Basic Physics course.

Methodology: The study employed a quasi-experimental posttest-only control group design involving 73 undergraduate students from the Biology Education program. Participants were divided into an experimental group receiving experimental-based PBL instruction and a control group receiving conventional learning. Data were collected using validated rubrics for scientific writing and scientific presentation skills. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics, independent samples t-tests, One-Way ANOVA, and the Mann–Whitney U test.

Main Findings: The results show that students in the experimental group achieved significantly higher scientific writing scores (M = 562.97) than those in the control group (M = 518.19), with significant differences across most writing components (p < 0.05). One-Way ANOVA results indicate a very large effect size (Partial Eta Squared = 0.970). In addition, scientific presentation skills were significantly higher in the experimental group across all assessed indicators, including contribution, collaboration, confidence, content mastery, and communication (p = 0.000).

Novelty/Originality of this study: This study provides empirical evidence that experimental-based PBL effectively enhances both scientific writing and presentation skills in an interdisciplinary Basic Physics learning context. The findings highlight the role of inquiry-oriented and experimental learning in strengthening scientific communication skills and offer practical implications for improving scientific literacy in higher education.

Augmented Reality–Based Flashcard Media: A Study of Foster Senior High School Students’ Critical Thinking Skills on Atomic Models

2025-12-21T09:15:03+07:00

Purpose of the study: This study aimed to develop augmented reality–based flashcard learning media for teaching atomic models and to examine its validity, practicality, and effectiveness in fostering senior high school students’ critical thinking skills.

Methodology: This study employed a research and development approach using the Rowntree model, comprising planning, development, and evaluation stages, with formative evaluation adapted from Tessmer. Data were collected through expert validation sheets, practicality questionnaires, and critical thinking skills tests. Data analysis included CVR and CVI for validity, descriptive analysis for practicality, and N-gain analysis for effectiveness.

Main Findings: The results indicated that the augmented reality–based flashcard media achieved excellent content validity, with S-CVI/Ave and S-CVI/UA values of 1.00, categorized as very valid. The media was considered practical, with mean practicality scores of 3.9 in the one-to-one evaluation and 4.1 in the small group evaluation. Additionally, the field test showed an improvement in students’ critical thinking skills, with an N-gain value of 0.56, indicating moderate effectiveness.

Novelty/Originality of this study: The novelty of this study lies in integrating augmented reality technology into flashcard-based learning media to foster students’ critical thinking skills in learning atomic models. Unlike previous studies that mainly emphasize visualization or conceptual understanding, this research focuses on developing higher-order thinking skills through interactive, mobile-supported learning media to address abstract physics concepts.

An Integrative Model of Green Sustainable Science, Environmental Awareness, and Eco-Friendly Practices in Community Life

2026-01-06T14:38:23+07:00

Purpose of the study: Sustainable community life requires aligning scientific knowledge, environmental awareness, and daily eco-friendly behavior. However, the connection between what communities know, believe, and practice often remains inconsistent. This study aims to examine how Green Sustainable Science is integrated into community life, assess environmental awareness levels, and identify environmentally friendly practices that support sustainability in daily activities.

Methodology: This study used a qualitative case study approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and documentation. The instruments included semi-structured interview guides, observation sheets, and documentation notes. Data analysis employed the Miles and Huberman interactive model with reduction, display, and conclusion stages.

Main Findings: Findings show that sustainability concepts have been integrated into community routines, although understanding varies and tends to be practical in nature. Environmental awareness ranges from moderate to high among active groups but remains inconsistent in others. Eco-friendly behaviors such as waste sorting, reducing plastic use, and saving energy are present but constrained by limited facilities and policy support. These findings reveal that sustainable behavior emerges from the interaction between knowledge, awareness, and structural conditions, highlighting the need for stronger community programs and better environmental infrastructure.

Novelty/Originality of this study: This study provides new insights into how communities integrate sustainability concepts beyond formal education and policy frameworks. Its originality lies in examining the direct link between scientific knowledge, awareness, and daily life practices. The findings contribute to advancing strategies for community empowerment and contextual environmental programs.

A Deep Learning–Based Electronic Module for Global Warming: An Analysis of Validity and Readability to Support Critical Thinking Skills

2026-01-06T14:41:07+07:00

Purpose of the study: This study aims to analyze the validity and readability of a deep learning–based electronic module (e-module) designed to improve students’ critical thinking skills on global warming material.

Methodology: The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the ADDIE model, consisting of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation stages. The developed e-module integrates deep learning principles—mindful, meaningful, and joyful learning—into a Google Sites platform and is enriched with multimedia elements, including videos, animations, interactive worksheets, Padlet, and a carbon footprint calculator. The validity of the e-module was evaluated by six experts, including media experts, subject matter experts, and linguists, using Aiken’s V formula.

Main Findings: The results showed that all validation aspects achieved Aiken’s V values ranging from 0.83 to 1.00, exceeding the minimum validity threshold (V > 0.78), indicating that the e-module is highly valid. Readability testing involved ten junior high school students and two science teachers and was analyzed using percentage-based criteria. The readability scores ranged from 88% to 100%, categorized as excellent across content, format, presentation, and language aspects. These findings indicate that the deep learning–based e-module is not only valid but also highly readable and user-friendly.

Novelty/Originality of this study: The developed e-module has strong potential to be implemented as an innovative digital teaching material to support science learning and foster students’ critical thinking skills, particularly in addressing contextual and global environmental issues such as global warming.

Integrating Financial Literacy, Financial Technology, and MSME Performance with Moderated Networking to Support Sustainable Production Methods

2026-01-06T14:38:11+07:00

Purpose of the study: This study aims to analyze the influence of financial literacy and financial technology on the performance and sustainability of MSMEs, with performance as a mediating variable and networking as a moderating variable.

Methodology: The research method used was explanatory research with a quantitative approach. Data were obtained from 80 food and beverage MSMEs in Genuk District, Semarang, using a Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed using multiple linear regression, the Sobel test, and Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA).

Main Findings: The research results show that financial literacy and financial technology have a positive and significant impact on the performance and sustainability of MSMEs. MSME performance has also been shown to improve business sustainability. However, networking does not strengthen the relationship between financial literacy and performance; instead, it only enhances the influence of financial technology on MSME performance.

Novelty/Originality of this study: This finding provides a theoretical contribution by emphasizing that the sustainability of MSMEs is not only determined by financial literacy and the use of fintech, but also by the synergy between business performance and the social networks owned by MSME actors.

The Effect of Fiber Length on the Strength of Composites as Boat Body Materials

2026-01-09T11:28:30+07:00

Purpose of the study: This study investigates the effect of coconut fiber length on the mechanical performance of polyester-based composite materials intended as an alternative body material for small boats, addressing the growing demand for sustainable and locally sourced marine materials.

Methodology: An experimental research design was employed using coconut fiber reinforcements with lengths of 10 mm, 30 mm, and 50 mm at a fixed fiber–resin ratio of 5%:95%. Composite specimens were fabricated using the hand lay-up method, reflecting practical production conditions commonly used in small-boat construction. Mechanical characterization was conducted using flexural strength testing in accordance with ASTM D790-02 and impact strength testing in accordance with ASTM E-23, using a Zwick Roell Z020 universal testing machine.

Main Findings: The results demonstrate a clear positive correlation between fiber length and mechanical strength, with longer fibers providing more effective stress transfer and energy absorption within the composite matrix. The composite reinforced with 50 mm of coconut fiber exhibited the highest performance, achieving a flexural strength of 63.4 MPa and an impact strength of 45.42 kJ/m², both of which meet the mechanical requirements for small-boat materials set by the Indonesian Classification Bureau.

Novelty/Originality of this study: Optimization of coconut fiber length for marine-grade polyester composites, offering empirical evidence that locally available natural fibers can meet regulatory standards for small vessel applications. This research advances eco-friendly composite technology and presents coconut fiber–reinforced polyester as a viable, sustainable alternative to conventional wood-based boat materials.

Water, Sanitation, and Maternal Behavioral Factors Associated with Diarrhea Risk in Children 10–59 Months: An Epidemiological Analysis

2026-01-06T21:44:33+07:00

Purpose of the study: This study examines the relationship between clean water sanitation facilities and maternal health behaviors in relation to the incidence of diarrhea among toddlers aged 10–59 months, a persistent public health problem in many developing regions. Despite ongoing improvements in water and sanitation infrastructure, diarrhea remains a leading cause of morbidity in early childhood, suggesting that behavioral factors may play a crucial mediating role.

Methodology: This research employed a quantitative cross-sectional design involving 90 toddlers, with data collected through structured interviews with mothers and direct household observations to capture both environmental sanitation conditions and daily hygiene practices.

Main Findings: The results of the study showed that 35.6% experienced diarrhea and 64.4% did not experience diarrhea. Then, from the bivariate results with α 5%, two variables were found to be related to the incidence of diarrhea in toddlers, namely the use of latrines with a p-value of 0.024 and handwashing habits with a p-value of 0.050. Meanwhile, the variables of clean water sanitation facilities (pv 0.082) and boiling water (pv 1.000) did not have a significant relationship with diarrhea.

Novelty/Originality of this study: The novelty of this study lies in its integrated analysis of environmental sanitation and maternal practices, demonstrating that behavior-related factors may exert a stronger influence on diarrhea prevention than infrastructure alone. By highlighting the interaction between sanitation access and maternal behavior, this study provides new empirical evidence to support community-based health interventions that prioritize behavioral change communication alongside sanitation development.

Effectiveness of Inquiry Learning Model Based on Socio-Scientific Issues to Develop Students’ Critical Thinking Skills

2026-01-06T23:50:45+07:00

Purpose of the study: This study aims to describe the effect of the socio-scientific issue-based inquiry learning model on the critical thinking skills of eighth-grade students in the subject of the digestive system.

Methodology: This study used a quantitative experimental method with a nonequivalent control group design. The population in this study was 320 eighth-grade students, with a sample size of 64 students. Data collection techniques used tests. The research instruments used pretest and posttest critical thinking skills. The data analysis technique in this study used N-gain (Normalized Gain) and inferential statistics in the form of an independent sample t-test.

Main Findings: The main findings of this study indicate that the socio-scientific issues-based inquiry learning model significantly improves students' critical thinking skills compared to conventional learning with N-gain 0,94 in high category. The test results show a sig. value (2-tailed) = 0.021 (<0.05), which indicates a significant difference between the experimental and control classes. This model is effective because it involves students in scientific investigations based on real social issues that encourage them to think reflectively, analytically, and evidence-based in their decision-making.

Novelty/Originality of this study: The novelty of this study lies in the application of a socio-scientific issues-based inquiry learning model to digestive system material to develop students’ critical thinking skills. The socio-scientific issues used are obesity and GERD. The socio-scientific issues-based inquiry learning model integrates scientific investigation with contextual and evidence-based social analysis.

The Factors, Forms, Causes, Positive and Negative Impacts of the Digital Divide on Educational Practices from Both Educators’ and Learners’ Perspectives: A Systematic Review

2026-01-07T22:41:58+07:00

Purpose of the study: The infusion of technology into education has transformed teaching and learning worldwide, offering numerous benefits to learners, educators, and institutions. However, unequal access to technological and educational resources has created two distinct groups: the privileged, who enjoy abundant access and benefits, and the deprived, who lack essential tools and opportunities. This disparity constitutes the digital divide, which creates significant negative effects on learning outcomes and equity.

Methodology: This systematic literature review investigates three key aspects of the digital divide in education, which are contributing factors, advantages, and negative impacts. A total of 34 studies were analyzed, representing data and perspectives from 40,548 participants across 25 countries spanning five continents.

Main Findings: The findings of this study reveal multiple causes of the digital divide in the educational sector, including limited access to technology, poor internet connectivity and digital literacy, lack of educational tools and financial resources, insufficient institutional infrastructure, as well as negative attitudes and poor communication skills. These deficiencies collectively lead to substantial pedagogical, technical, and social consequences.

Novelty/Originality of this study: Notable impacts include widened socio-economic disparities, achievement gaps, reduced interaction and engagement, poor knowledge retention, higher dropout rates, weak digital skills, and diminished relationships between teachers and students. Thus, ultimately, the digital divide fosters a persistent negative perception of technology integration, as many learners and educators view technological use as a frustrating challenge rather than an empowering tool.

ISCO-Based Analysis of Internship Activities as a Basis for the Development of Sustainable Automotive Vocational Skills

2026-01-07T23:19:44+07:00

Purpose of the study: Internship activities can serve as a reference for the skills vocational education institutions require to produce competent graduates. By analyzing internship activities by International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO) skill level, the aim is to create a mapping of automotive skills.

Methodology: A qualitative approach was employed to analyze 15 internship documents, including activity notes and reports validated by industry experts. The interview participants, selected using purposive sampling, consisted of 5 vocational internship supervisors. The analysis process included data collection, reduction, coding, data triangulation, and interpretation, using NVivo 12.

Main Findings: The research results indicate that the foundational competencies in automotive include ISCO 1 skills in terms of work ability and the maturity of soft skills related to the job. The demand for hard skills is driven by jobs equivalent to ISCO skill levels 2; however, higher-level skills, namely ISCO levels 3 and 4, are also required for jobs involving advanced thinking and decision-making in the automotive after-sales industry. Document analysis results reveal the types of skills vocational education institutions can prepare students to engage with, including simulation-based learning, project-based learning, problem-based learning, and work-based learning.

Novelty/Originality of this study: Ultimately, this study demonstrates sustainable skill mapping based on job types and ISCO skill levels at low cost through systematic, integrative steps, leveraging the potential of annual industrial internship activities and serving as a reference for other professional competencies.

Cooling Media–Driven Shift in Dominant Machining Mechanisms: A Taguchi-Based Optimization of Surface Roughness in CNC Milling of S45C Steel

2026-01-10T23:11:27+07:00

Purpose of the study: Is to optimize the surface roughness in CNC milling of S45C steel using two types of cooling media: Dromus and radiator water.

Methodology: This study employed the Taguchi experimental design method to compare cooling media. Three main machining parameters, namely spindle speed, depth of cut, and feed rate, were examined at three levels using a Taguchi L9 orthogonal array. In addition, two different cooling media, namely radiator water and Dromus, were applied to investigate their effects on surface integrity. Surface roughness values were measured using a standard surface roughness tester and analyzed using the Signal-to-Noise (S/N) ratio, with the results supported by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA).

Main Findings: The results demonstrate that cooling media play a decisive role not only in reducing surface roughness but also in shifting the dominant machining parameter. Under radiator water cooling, spindle speed was the most influential factor, contributing 45.67% to surface roughness variation. In contrast, when Dromus was applied, depth of cut became the dominant parameter with a contribution of 63.40%. Dromus consistently produced lower surface roughness values and higher S/N ratios, indicating improved thermal control and process stability. The optimal machining condition was identified at a spindle speed of 1910 rpm, a depth of cut of 0.2 mm, and a feed rate of 330 mm/min.

Novelty/Originality of this study: The novelty of this study lies in revealing how cooling media fundamentally alter surface formation mechanisms and parameter dominance, offering new insights for adaptive and efficient CNC milling optimization strategies.

Effect of Heat Treatment and Tempering Process on the Hardness of S55c Steel as A Cutting Blade Material for Plastic Shredding Machines

2026-01-13T10:35:23+07:00

Purpose of the study: This study aims to optimize the heat treatment process of S55C medium-carbon steel by examining the combined effects of austenitizing temperature, quenching media, and tempering temperature on impact toughness.

Methodology: An experimental approach was employed using quenching and tempering treatments. Quenching was performed at three austenitizing temperatures (950°C, 1000°C, and 1050°C) with three different cooling media—salt water, oil, and seawater—followed by tempering at 100°C, 200°C, 300°C, and 400°C. All heating processes were conducted in an electric furnace. Parameter optimization was carried out using the Taguchi method with an L9 orthogonal array. Mechanical performance was evaluated through Charpy impact testing, and confirmation experiments were conducted to validate the optimal parameter combination.

Main Findings: The Taguchi analysis identified the optimal quenching condition at an austenitizing temperature of 1050°C with salt water as the cooling medium, yielding the highest impact toughness. Confirmation tests supported the reliability of this result. Additionally, the tempering process showed that increasing the tempering temperature decreased hardness while significantly improving toughness, indicating effective stress relief and improved ductility in the steel microstructure.

Novelty/Originality of this study: The novelty of this study lies in the integrated optimization of quenching temperature and diverse cooling media, including seawater, using the Taguchi method, with a specific focus on toughness rather than hardness alone. This research provides new insights into tailoring heat treatment parameters for S55C steel to achieve superior impact resistance, offering practical guidance for more efficient and application-oriented heat treatment strategies in manufacturing industries.

Conceptual Understanding and Perceptions of Pre-Service Science Teachers in the Predict–Observe–Explain (POE) Model: Evidence from a Mixed-Methods Study

2026-01-11T22:43:11+07:00

Purpose of the study: This study examined pre-service science teachers’ conceptual understanding and perceptions of the Predict–Observe–Explain (POE) model-based teaching and learning strategy. Specifically, it aimed to determine how the POE strategy enhances conceptual learning of science concepts while gauging the participants’ views towards the use of the approach.

Methodology: A convergent parallel mixed-methods design was employed, involving seventy-three first-year pre-service Integrated Science teachers purposively sampled from a teacher education university. Data were collected during a twelve-week intervention using pre- and post-tests and the Cognitive Perceptions of the POE Model-Based Teaching and Learning (CPPOE) questionnaire. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and normalised gain analysis, while qualitative data were thematically analysed to capture participants’ perceptions.

Main Findings: Findings revealed that the POE model enhanced participants’ conceptual understanding of selected science concepts, with an average normalised gain 〈g〉 of 0.44 indicating moderate conceptual improvement. Qualitative results also demonstrated positive perceptions with participants revealing that the strategy deepened their understanding, reduced confusion, encouraged curiosity, and helped them relate scientific ideas to everyday experiences.

Novelty/Originality of this study: This study contributes original mixed-methods evidence of the POE strategy from a Sub-Saharan African context, demonstrating its dual impact on pre-service science teachers’ conceptual learning and their perceptions. These findings underscore the potential of integrating POE into science teacher education curricula to advance inquiry-driven, evidence-based scientific reasoning and student-centred instruction. The findings are limited to a single cohort of first-year pre-service science teachers within one institution.

Integrating Local Wisdom in Science: Development and Validation of Ethnoscience Teaching Modules for Improving Science Literacy of Junior High School Students

2026-01-11T23:50:32+07:00

Purpose of the study: The low level of science literacy among Indonesian students requires innovative and contextual learning approaches. This study aims to develop and test the validity of an Ethnoscience-Based Teaching Module on the subject of Vibrations and Waves. The uniqueness of the module lies in its deep integration of the local wisdom of East OKU Regency as a learning context to bridge abstract scientific concepts with the cultural reality of students.

Methodology: This study used the Research and Development (R&D) method with a 4-D model, limited to the Develop stage. Validation was carried out by four experts (material, media, language, and culture) using adapted assessment instruments. Quantitative data were analyzed using Aiken's V coefficient.

Main Findings: The developed ethnoscience-based teaching module was declared "Highly Valid" with an average Aiken’s V score of 0.90. All validation aspects scored highly: subject matter (0.90), media design (0.88), language (0.85), and cultural integration (0.95). The module is therefore feasible for further testing.

Novelty/Originality of this study: The developed module has met the eligibility criteria in terms of content, design, language, and authentic cultural integration. The implication of this research is the availability of valid and contextual teaching materials, which are ready to be further tested for their effectiveness in learning to improve science literacy while building students' cultural awareness.

Five Senses Windmill: An Innovative Edutainment Learning Media Integrating Local Wisdom to Enhance Conceptual Understanding in Students with Intellectual Disabilities

2026-01-13T13:47:51+07:00

Purpose of the study: This study develops and validates the Five Senses Windmill, an innovative edutainment-based learning media integrating local wisdom, designed to enhance conceptual understanding and active engagement among students with intellectual disabilities in Special Needs Schools.

Methodology: Employing Research and Development (R&D) with the ADDIE model, this study systematically developed the media through five phases: Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. Media and content validity were assessed using Aiken's V (≥0.80), with instrument reliability reaching 0.87 (Cronbach's Alpha). Three fourth-grade students with mild intellectual disabilities participated in purposive sampling trials. Data collection involved expert validation, pre-post testing, structured observations, and teacher interviews. Quantitative analysis measured validity and effectiveness through N-gain calculations, while qualitative analysis explored learning dynamics and engagement patterns.

Main Findings: The Five Senses Windmill demonstrated high validity (Aiken's V = 0.91) and proved effective in improving students' conceptual understanding with moderate-to-high effectiveness (N-Gain = 64.5%). Students showed significant improvement in identifying sensory functions, increased from passive dependency to active participation, and demonstrated enhanced confidence in applying concepts to daily life. The bamboo-based media successfully integrated visual, kinesthetic, and cultural elements, creating meaningful learning experiences. Positive teacher responses confirmed the media's practicality and ease of implementation.

Novelty/Originality of this study: This study uniquely combines edutainment pedagogy with Indonesian local wisdom through sustainable bamboo materials, addressing the gap in holistic, multisensory, culturally-responsive learning media for students with intellectual disabilities. The windmill's interactive design simultaneously develops cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains while fostering cultural identity and environmental awareness.

Reconstructing the Integration of Religion and Science through al-Attas’ Epistemology: A Deep Learning Instructional Model for Islamic Religious Education

2026-01-13T16:45:45+07:00

Purpose of the study: This study aims to analyse Syed Muhammad Naquib al Attas epistemological framework on the integration of religion and science and to formulate its application within Islamic Religious Education in contemporary learning contexts in order to address knowledge fragmentation and support deep and meaningful learning.

Methodology: This study uses a qualitative library research method. The data sources include primary works by Syed Muhammad Naquib al Attas, international peer reviewed journal articles, and selected IEEE indexed conference proceedings. Qualitative content analysis was employed, supported by Mendeley reference management software and document analysis techniques.

Main Findings: This study identifies four core epistemological concepts in al Attas framework, namely human nature, knowledge, reason, and nature, grounded in a tawhid based worldview and guided by adab. Based on these concepts, a four component instructional model for Islamic Religious Education was formulated to support conceptual coherence and deep learning.

Novelty/Originality of this study: This study introduces an operational instructional model that translates al Attas epistemological ideas into practical guidance for Islamic Religious Education. It advances existing scholarship by bridging classical Islamic epistemology with contemporary deep learning principles, offering a structured framework that addresses knowledge fragmentation and strengthens meaning oriented learning.

The Effect of Fear of Missing Out on Phubbing Behavior: Self-Control as a Moderating Variable among Indonesian Science Students

2026-01-17T10:49:25+07:00

Purpose of the study: The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of Fear of Missing Out (FOMO) on phubbing behavior among Indonesian science students and to investigate whether self-control plays a moderating role in the relationship between FOMO and phubbing behavior.

Methodology: This study uses a quantitative correlational approach with a survey. Data were collected from 402 Indonesian science students aged 19–38 years across 28 regions. The instruments included the Fear of Missing Out Scale, the Phubbing Behavior Scale, and the Self-Control Scale. Data were analyzed using moderation analysis with statistical software.

Main Findings: The results showed that Fear of Missing Out (FOMO) had a positive and significant effect on phubbing behavior (β = 0.655, p = 0.001). Self-control also demonstrated a significant direct effect on phubbing behavior (β = 0.279, p = 0.005). However, the interaction between FOMO and self-control was not statistically significant (β = −0.005, p = 0.098), indicating that self-control did not moderate the relationship between FOMO and phubbing behavior among students.

Novelty/Originality of this study: This study contributes novel empirical evidence by testing self-control as a moderator in the relationship between FOMO and phubbing behavior in a large and diverse Indonesian science student sample. The findings highlight the limitation of trait-based self-control measures and suggest the need to conceptualize self-control as a situational or media-related state.

The Evolution of Scientific Literacy Research in Science Education: A Bibliometric Analysis of Trends, Themes, and Collaboration (2016-2025)

2026-01-19T12:43:36+07:00

Purpose of the study: This study aims to map the development of scientific literacy research within the field of science education by examining publication trends, influential contributors, thematic structures, and collaboration patterns based on Scopus-indexed literature published between 2016 and 2025.

Methodology: A bibliometric analysis was conducted using the Scopus database. Relevant journal and review articles were retrieved using the keywords “scientific literacy” and “science education.” Bibliographic data were analyzed and visualized using the Bibliometrix package (R software) to examine publication growth, source impact, thematic evolution, and collaboration networks.

Main Findings: The results reveal a steady increase in research output on scientific literacy in science education over the past decade, with contributions concentrated among a limited number of authors, journals, institutions, and countries. Core research themes include scientific literacy, science education, and nature of science, while emerging topics such as misinformation, climate literacy, digital literacy, and citizenship have gained prominence in recent years. Collaboration patterns indicate stable yet selective networks at both author and country levels.

Novelty/Originality of this study: This study provides a comprehensive decade-long bibliometric mapping that integrates trends, contributor impact, thematic structures, and collaboration patterns in scientific literacy research within science education. The findings offer an updated multidimensional overview of the field, support clearer positioning of future research agendas, and highlight underexplored themes and opportunities for broader international collaboration.

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of PWM and MPPT Controllers in Improving the Performance of Off-Grid Solar Power Plants in NFT Hydroponic Systems

2026-01-19T13:43:37+07:00

Purpose of the study: The decreasing availability of agricultural land and the growing demand for sustainable food production have encouraged the adoption of hydroponic cultivation systems supported by renewable energy sources. In off-grid Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) hydroponic systems, the reliability of electrical power—particularly for continuous pump operation—is critical for plant growth.

Methodology: A quantitative experimental approach was employed using a 50 Wp solar panel, a 12 V 10 Ah battery, and a 12 W DC water pump operating under identical system configurations. Electrical parameters, including charging voltage, current, and power, were measured during daylight hours, while nighttime pump operating duration was used as a functional performance indicator.

Main Findings: The results demonstrate that the MPPT controller consistently produced higher and more stable charging power (up to 13.05 W) compared to the PWM controller (approximately 12 W). This improved charging performance translated into longer nighttime pump operation, with MPPT sustaining operation for up to 11 hours 40 minutes, whereas PWM supported only 9 hours 30 minutes to 10 hours 15 minutes. The findings confirm that MPPT controllers are more effective in optimizing solar energy utilization and enhancing battery endurance in real-world hydroponic applications.

Novelty/Originality of this study: The novelty of this study lies in its integration of electrical performance analysis with practical operational outcomes, offering applied insights for the design of reliable and sustainable solar-powered hydroponic systems, particularly in regions with limited grid access.