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• Purpose of the study: This study aims to analyze the impact of climate change on the productivity of major food crops, namely rice, maize, and soybean, and its implications for food security in Banggai Regency, and to identify and map areas vulnerable to climate change based on a regional vulnerability index.

  Methodology: This mixed-methods study combined qualitative, quantitative, and geospatial analysis. The study examined questionnaires, interviews, BMKG climate records, BPS/Food Crops Agency productivity figures, and BIG geospatial data using regression, correlation, trend, and thematic analysis, alongside a weighted-overlay spatial analysis that produced a composite vulnerability index based on exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity.

  Main Findings: The results found no statistically significant direct effect of climate change on rice, maize, or soybean productivity between 2014 and 2024. While temperature and rainfall showed a general upward trend, crop productivity moved inconsistently, sometimes in the opposite direction. Interview data corroborated this, suggesting non-climatic factors more strongly influence productivity outcomes. Based on the composite vulnerability index integrating exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity, six sub-districts fell into the moderate vulnerability category, while Balantak alone was classified as having low vulnerability.

  Novelty/Originality of this study: The novelty of the study lies in integrating climate–productivity time-series analysis, a multidimensional regional vulnerability index, and household food security within a single framework at the same regional level. Consequently, climate adaptation strategies should be tailored to each subdistrict's vulnerability profile rather than applied uniformly, and food security programs should also address non-climatic factors that appear to influence productivity more strongly.

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  “Food Crop Productivity and Food Security under Climate Change: A Vulnerability Index Assessment Based on Exposure, Sensitivity, and Adaptive Capacity”, In. Sci. Ed. J, vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 989–1003, Nov. 2026, doi: 10.37251/isej.v7i6.3765.

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